{"product_id":"the-paradox-of-violence-in-venezuela-revolution-crime-and-policing-during-chavismo-9780822947127","title":"The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela: Revolution, Crime, and Policing During Chavismo","description":"Crime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. \u003ci\u003eThe Paradox of Violence in Venezuela \u003c\/i\u003eexplains the rise of violence under both Hugo Ch?vez and Nicol?s Maduro--leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. \u003ci\u003eThe Paradox of Violence in Venezuela\u003c\/i\u003e reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDavid Smilde \u003c\/b\u003eis the Charles A. and Leo M. Favrot Professor of Human Relations at Tulane University and a senior fellow at the Washington Office on Latin America.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVerónica Zubillaga \u003c\/b\u003eis associate professor at the Universidad Simón Bolívar in Caracas. In Caracas, together with fellow researchers, she founded Red de Activismo e Investigación por la Convivencia (Network of Activism and Research for Coexistence), an association dedicated to research and activism for the formulation of public policies that respect democratic guarantees.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRebecca Hanson \u003c\/b\u003eis assistant professor at the University of Florida, with a joint appointment in Sociology and Criminology \u0026amp; Law and the Center for Latin American Studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Pittsburgh Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50383136293138,"sku":"9780822947127","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_748fd727-46e5-4557-9eea-496b6470fd58.jpg?v=1728779259","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/the-paradox-of-violence-in-venezuela-revolution-crime-and-policing-during-chavismo-9780822947127","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}