{"product_id":"the-new-critical-thinking-an-empirically-informed-introduction-9781032317281","title":"The New Critical Thinking: An Empirically Informed Introduction","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book aims to improve real-world critical thinking.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraditional critical thinking texts neglect two crucial facts. First, as psychologists have shown, many of our mistakes are caused not by faulty formal reasoning but because we bypass it in favor of intuitive, often unreliable heuristics. Second, good critical thinking requires not only the proper assessment of inference but also of our premises: the evaluation of information sources is of fundamental importance, especially in this internet era of fake news and politicized science.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis highly innovative text is psychologically informed, both in its diagnosis of inferential errors and in teaching students how to watch out for, and circumnavigate, their natural intellectual blind spots. It also incorporates insights from epistemology and philosophy of science to formulate best practices for assessing information sources on the internet and other media. The result is a practical, hands-on primer for real-world critical thinking.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors bring more than five combined decades of classroom experience to the subject, covering the usual core topics of deductive, inductive, causal, and probabilistic inference, argument identification, reconstruction, and diagramming, while also extending the text's scope to include testimony, the nature and credibility of science, rhetoric, and dialectical argumentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Second Edition further develops and refines these innovations, combining in-depth discussion of \"fake news\" and conspiracy theories with exercises and projects designed to teach broadly applicable source assessment skills. There is also a more nuanced positive account of science that emphasizes its continuity with commonsense causal reasoning. For instructors, there are additional online resources, notably banks of exam questions with solutions and various class projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Features: \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUses contemporary psychological explanations and remedies for pervasive errors in belief formation. No other critical thinking text generally applies this psychological approach\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRigorously addresses the evaluation of premises based on testimony, in particular the testimony of internet sources\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCarefully explains the concept of validity, paying particular attention to distinguishing logical possibility from other species of possibility\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUses frequency trees as a simple and reliable alternative to more complicated Bayesian methods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUses arguments maps, which improve students' reasoning and argument evaluation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Updates to the Second Edition: \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eExpanded discussion of the psychology of reasoning and belief, including treatment of motivated reasoning\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUses a conventional truth-table-based approach to propositional logic while incorporating a more intuitive, psychologically informed approach to the logic of conditionals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew Summary Boxes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnhanced treatment of testimony, with an expanded discussion of fake news, conspiracy theories, and the application of general epistemic principles to navigate the extremes of gullibility and unmotivated skepticism.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew exercises that emphasize practical, hands-on source assessment skills\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn improved discussion of the nature of science emphasizing the central role of causal inference and the multi-generational, cumulative character of scientific knowledge\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA new Index of Arguments, summarizing the most common argument forms and associated defeaters for the inductive forms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNew online content, including exams and additional questions (plus solutions), suitable for upload to course management software (e.g., Blackboard, etc.)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor online resources for students and instructors, use the \u003cb\u003eInstructor \u0026amp; Student Resources\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eSupport Material\u003c\/b\u003e links below.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJack Lyons \u003c\/b\u003eis Professor of Philosophy and Chair of Logic and Rhetoric at the University of Glasgow.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBarry Ward \u003c\/b\u003eis Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arkansas.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Routledge","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50868693860626,"sku":"9781032317281","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_cc0c0d3a-4857-4cf4-8661-7babec4b6211.jpg?v=1737735639","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/the-new-critical-thinking-an-empirically-informed-introduction-9781032317281","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}