{"product_id":"the-criminalization-of-the-state-in-africa-9780253212863","title":"The Criminalization of the State in Africa","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe growth of fraud and smuggling on a major scale, the plundering of natural resources, the privatisation of state institutions, the development of an economy of plunder, the growth of private armies--all of these features of public life in Africa suggest that the state itself is becoming a vehicle for organised criminal activity. The three authors propose criteria for gauging the criminalisation of African states and present a novel prognosis.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eHave we moved on from \"classical\" corruption? There is a difference between the corruption of previous decades and the criminalisation of some African states now taking place. Major operators are now able to connect with global criminal networks. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat are the political origins of official implication in crime? The notion of \"social capital\" has become fashionable among commentators in recent years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat aspects of Africa's past have contributed to current attitudes towards the use of public office for personal enrichment, or even systemic illegality? The new frontiers of crime in South Africa. South Africa has a decades-long tradition of association between crime and politics. South Africa is now the centre of important international patterns of crime, notably in the drug trade. It has both Africas largest formal economy and the continent's largest criminal economy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat are the economic origins of official implication in crime? New forms of corruption have been unintentionally helped by liberal economic reforms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfrican Issues, edited by Alex de Waal\u003cbr\u003eFebruary, 1999 192 pages 8 x 5 Index\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eJean-Fran?ois Bayart is Director of the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationals, Paris.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStephen Ellis is a Senior Researcher at the African Studies Centre at Leiden and former editor of Africa Confidential.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eB?atrice Hibou is a Fellow at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique attached to the Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noir, Bordeaux.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Indiana University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50844184609042,"sku":"9780253212863","price":21.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_be90b815-b700-4ce0-bba8-48d0b95f826b.jpg?v=1737313540","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/the-criminalization-of-the-state-in-africa-9780253212863","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}