{"product_id":"spinoza-9780192803160","title":"Spinoza","description":"Father of the Enlightenment and the last guardian of the medieval world, Spinoza made a brilliant attempt to reconcile the conflicting moral and intellectual demands of his epoch and to present a vision of man as simultaneously bound by necessity and eternally free. Ostracized by the Jewish community in Amsterddam to which he was born, Spinoza developed a political philosophy that set out to justify the secular state ruled by a liberal constitution, and a metaphysics that sought to reconcile human freedom with a belief in scientific explanation. Here, Roger Scruton presents a clear and systematic analysis of Spinoza's thought and shows its relevance to today's intellectual preoccupations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoger Scruton\u003c\/strong\u003e was Lecturer in Philosophy 1971-79, Reader 1979-85, and Professor of Aesthetics 1985-92 at Birkbeck College, University of London.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50618407125266,"sku":"9780192803160","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_32557dde-934a-4177-9e6b-fe63ed5320d8.jpg?v=1732535000","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/spinoza-9780192803160","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}