{"product_id":"schemers-and-dreamers-filibustering-in-mexico-1848-1921-9780875652580","title":"Schemers and Dreamers: Filibustering in Mexico, 1848-1921","description":"In the mid-nineteenth century various groups formed north of the border to invade Mexico. They were called filibusters (from the Dutch \u003ci\u003evribuiter\u003c\/i\u003e, meaning pirate or free booty). The Mexican government saw these invasions as a threat to sovereignty. To Mexico it was significant that the groups recruited, organized, and plotted their \u003ci\u003eentradas\u003c\/i\u003e from the United States in full view of the U.S. government even as newspapers in both countries published dozens of articles about the endeavors. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThere were many types of filibusters, from small groups of cutthroats who were satisfied with raiding and stealing, to those whose goal was to conquer territory. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eMany names of the privateers are familiar--William Walker and Henry Alexander Crabb, for instance. Others remain elusive, and they are the focus of Joseph A. Stout Jr.'s book. In the mid-nineteenth century Jos  Mar a Carvajal took his chances in Tamaulipas and Coahuila, and Charles de Pindray plotted to establish a mining colony in Sonora. Juan Napole n Zerman had the audacity to raise a small army and invade Baja California wearing an absurd uniform capped off with a sombrero decorated with chicken feathers. None of the filibusters were successful and many men lost their lives in chimeric escapades along the border.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJoseph A. Stout Jr., a professor of history at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, is the author of \u003ci\u003eBorder Conflict: \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eVillistas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarrancistas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e and the Punitive Expedition, 1915\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e-\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e1920\u003c\/i\u003e, published by TCU Press in 1999.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Texas Christian University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50330171932946,"sku":"9780875652580","price":20.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_143a614c-ca85-4314-abf5-7d699cf61bdd.jpg?v=1727794291","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/schemers-and-dreamers-filibustering-in-mexico-1848-1921-9780875652580","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}