{"product_id":"political-parties-a-sociological-study-of-the-oligarchical-tendencies-of-modern-democracy-9780029212509","title":"Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy","description":"\u003cb\u003eFirst published in German in 1911, this book introduces the concept of iron law oligarchy.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eConsidered a classic text of social sciences, \u003ci\u003ePolitical Parties\u003c\/i\u003e analyzes the power structures of organizations such as political parties and trade unions. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eRobert Michels argues that all organizations, even those in theory most egalitarian and most committed to democracy, such as socialist political parties, are in fact oligarchical and dominated by a small group of leadership.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRobert Michels was a German-Italian sociologist known for his contributions to elite theory through the study of political behavior in intellectual elites. He is best known for his book \u003ci\u003ePolitical Parties.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Free Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50872420434194,"sku":"9780029212509","price":18.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_8ef8d08f-6543-4b4e-8bcf-2c5b46f4bd74.jpg?v=1737897011","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/political-parties-a-sociological-study-of-the-oligarchical-tendencies-of-modern-democracy-9780029212509","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}