{"product_id":"how-britain-underdeveloped-the-caribbean-a-reparation-response-to-europes-legacy-of-plunder-and-poverty-9789766408695","title":"How Britain Underdeveloped the Caribbean: A Reparation Response to Europe's Legacy of Plunder and Poverty","description":"\"The modern Caribbean\u003cbr\u003eeconomy was invented, structured and managed by European states for one\u003cbr\u003epurpose: to achieve maximum wealth extraction to fuel and sustain their\u003cbr\u003enational financial, commercial and industrial transformation.\" So begins \u003ci\u003eHow Britain Underdeveloped the Caribbean: A\u003cbr\u003eReparation Response to Europe's Legacy of Plunder and Poverty\u003c\/i\u003e as Hilary\u003cbr\u003eMcD. Beckles continues the groundbreaking work he began in \u003ci\u003eBritain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native\u003cbr\u003eGenocide. \u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eWe are now in\u003cbr\u003ea time of global reckoning for centuries of crimes against humanity perpetrated\u003cbr\u003eby European colonial powers as they built their empires with the wealth\u003cbr\u003eextracted from the territories they occupied and exploited with enslaved and, \u003cbr\u003elater, indentured labour. The systematic brutality of the transatlantic trade\u003cbr\u003ein enslaved Africans and the plantation economies did not disappear with the\u003cbr\u003eabolition of slavery. Rather, the means of exploitation were reconfigured to\u003cbr\u003eensure that wealth continued to flow to European states. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIndependence\u003cbr\u003efrom colonial powers in the twentieth century did not mean real freedom for the\u003cbr\u003eCaribbean nations, left as they were without the resources for meaningful\u003cbr\u003edevelopment and in a state of persistent poverty. Beckles focuses his attention\u003cbr\u003eon the British Empire and shows how successive governments have systematically\u003cbr\u003esuppressed economic development in their former colonies and have refused to accept\u003cbr\u003eresponsibility for the debt and development support they owe the Caribbean. \u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of the West Indies Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50650485915922,"sku":"9789766408695","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_93a77ad7-ecff-4066-9e4a-0d502bd48dd5.jpg?v=1733290179","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/how-britain-underdeveloped-the-caribbean-a-reparation-response-to-europes-legacy-of-plunder-and-poverty-9789766408695","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}