{"product_id":"breathing-space-the-architecture-of-pneumatic-beings-9781945861116","title":"Breathing Space: The Architecture of Pneumatic Beings","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn illuminating account of how new knowledge about human respiration impacted architectural design in the early twentieth century\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eBreathing Space\u003c\/i\u003e is a compelling and wide-ranging analysis of pneumatic phenomena in modern culture. Architect and historian Tim Altenhof brilliantly explores the physiology of breathing and its reciprocal relationship to bodies and buildings, both of which share a common atmosphere. Because breathing is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and cannot be willfully overridden, it takes place unconsciously and involuntarily--most of the time. However, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, attitudes toward breathing changed significantly. Breathing became a widely investigated cultural and physiological phenomenon and was the basis for techniques and bodily practices that heightened pulmonary awareness. New understandings of air pollution and disease stimulated a widespread preoccupation with ventilation, impacting architecture in countless ways. Altenhof's close readings of built structures show how the science of breathing was incorporated into architecture, whether in the design of factories, residences, or medical facilities. The lungs form a major part of the respiratory system and like no other organ tie the living body directly to its surroundings. Yet the role of lungs also poses a topological problem: engaging in atmospheric transfer, they dissolve the division between inside and outside, and despite being an internal organ, they sustain a permanent and living connection to the external world. This ambiguity and permeability constitute the spatial dimension of breathing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTim Altenhof\u003c\/b\u003e is an architect and senior scientist in the Department for Architectural Theory and History at the University of Innsbruck.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Zone Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52078259241234,"sku":"9781945861116","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_730db0a8-9fe9-4b97-8038-b9a8c46199aa.jpg?v=1772539131","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/breathing-space-the-architecture-of-pneumatic-beings-9781945861116","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}