{"product_id":"a-city-within-a-city-the-black-freedom-struggle-in-grand-rapids-michigan-9781439909225","title":"A City Within a City: The Black Freedom Struggle in Grand Rapids, Michigan","description":"\u003ci\u003eA City within a City\u003c\/i\u003e examines the civil rights movement in the North by concentrating on the struggles for equality in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Historian Todd Robinson studies the issues surrounding school integration and bureaucratic reforms as well as the role of black youth activism to detail the diversity of black resistance. He focuses on respectability within the African American community as a way of understanding how the movement was formed and held together. And he elucidates the oppositional role of northern conservatives regarding racial progress. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eA City within a City\u003c\/i\u003e cogently argues that the post-war political reform championed by local Republicans transformed the city's racial geography, creating a racialized \"city within a city,\" featuring a system of \"managerial racism\" designed to keep blacks in declining inner-city areas. As Robinson indicates, this bold, provocative framework for understanding race relations in Grand Rapids has broader implications for illuminating the twentieth-century African American urban experience in secondary cities. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTodd E. Robinson is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Temple University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50504495071506,"sku":"9781439909225","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_bc3bf0ea-d007-4f8f-a8ba-9b5e4a4d6982.jpg?v=1730820805","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/products\/a-city-within-a-city-the-black-freedom-struggle-in-grand-rapids-michigan-9781439909225","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}