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In this pioneering study Morris deepens our understanding of the current situation in the Middle East and of the prospects for a lasting peace there.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Clarendon Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318326071570,"sku":"9780198292623","price":203.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_8000b0d3-4bc1-42bc-b2ef-8f7eeafb05c0.jpg?v=1727553336"},{"product_id":"the-peoples-republic-of-amnesia-tiananmen-revisited","title":"The People's Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinalist for the 2015 Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLonglisted for the Lionel Gelber Award for the Best Non-Fiction book in the world on Foreign Affairs\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn Economist Book of the Year, 2014\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"One of the best analyses of the impact of Tiananmen throughout China in the years since 1989.\" --\u003cem\u003eThe New York Times Book Review\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn June 4, 1989, People's Liberation Army soldiers opened fire on unarmed civilians in Beijing, killing untold hundreds of people. A quarter-century later, this defining event remains buried in China's modern history, successfully expunged from collective memory. In \u003cem\u003eThe People's Republic of Amnesia\u003c\/em\u003e, Louisa Lim charts how the events of June 4th changed China, and how China changed the events of June 4th by rewriting its own history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLim reveals new details about those fateful days, including how one of the country's most senior politicians lost a family member to an army bullet, as well as the inside story of the young soldiers sent to clear Tiananmen Square. She also introduces us to individuals whose lives were transformed by the events of Tiananmen Square, such as a founder of the Tiananmen Mothers, whose son was shot by martial law troops; and one of the most important government officials in the country, who post-Tiananmen became one of its most prominent dissidents. And she examines how June 4th shaped China's national identity, fostering a generation of young nationalists, who know little and care less about 1989. For the first time, Lim uncovers the details of a brutal crackdown in a second Chinese city that until now has been a near-perfect case study in the state's ability to rewrite history, excising the most painful episodes. By tracking down eyewitnesses, discovering US diplomatic cables, and combing through official Chinese records, Lim offers the first account of a story that has remained untold for a quarter of a century. \u003cem\u003eThe People's Republic of Amnesia\u003c\/em\u003e is an original, powerfully gripping, and ultimately unforgettable book about a national tragedy and an unhealed wound.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLouisa Lim is an award-winning journalist who has reported from China for a decade, most recently for National Public Radio. 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But within a decade, this story had already begun to unravel. Some of the continent's newer democracies slid back towards dictatorship, while citizens in many of its older democracies began questioning democracy's functioning and even its legitimacy. And of course it is not merely in Europe where democracy is under siege. Across the globe the immense optimism accompanying the post-Cold War democratic wave has been replaced by pessimism. Many new democracies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia began \"backsliding,\" while the Arab Spring quickly turned into the Arab winter. The victory of Donald Trump led many to wonder if it represented a threat to the future of liberal democracy in the United States. Indeed, it is increasingly common today for leaders, intellectuals, commentators and others to claim that rather than democracy, some form dictatorship or illiberal democracy is the wave of the future. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn \u003cem\u003eDemocracy and Dictatorship in Europe\u003c\/em\u003e, Sheri Berman traces the long history of democracy in its cradle, Europe. She explains that in fact, just about every democratic wave in Europe initially failed, either collapsing in upon itself or succumbing to the forces of reaction. Yet even when democratic waves failed, there were always some achievements that lasted. Even the most virulently reactionary regimes could not suppress every element of democratic progress. Panoramic in scope, Berman takes readers through two centuries of turmoil: revolution, fascism, civil war, and - -finally -- the emergence of liberal democratic Europe in the postwar era. A magisterial retelling of modern European political history, \u003cem\u003eDemocracy and Dictatorship in Europe\u003c\/em\u003e not explains how democracy actually develops, but how we should interpret the current wave of illiberalism sweeping Europe and the rest of the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSheri Berman\u003c\/strong\u003e is Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. She has written extensively on democracy, authoritarianism, populism, fascism, the history of the left, and European politics for both scholarly and non-scholarly publications.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318372110610,"sku":"9780199373192","price":28.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_b1067c15-1d58-431e-85ac-5bca040ce0d8.jpg?v=1727554322"},{"product_id":"the-guardians-the-league-of-nations-and-the-crisis-of-empire","title":"The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire","description":"At the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti-imperialist activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo-American proposal to hold and administer those allied conquests under \"mandate\" from the new League of Nations. In the end, fourteen mandated territories were set up across the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific. Against all odds, these disparate and far-flung territories became the site and the vehicle of global transformation. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn this masterful history of the mandates system, Susan Pedersen illuminates the role the League of Nations played in creating the modern world. Tracing the system from its creation in 1920 until its demise in 1939, Pedersen examines its workings from the realm of international diplomacy; the viewpoints of the League's experts and officials; and the arena of local struggles within the territories themselves. Featuring a cast of larger-than-life figures, including Lord Lugard, King Faisal, Chaim Weizmann and Ralph Bunche, the narrative sweeps across the globe-from windswept scrublands along the Orange River to famine-blighted hilltops in Rwanda to Damascus under French bombardment-but always returns to Switzerland and the sometimes vicious battles over ideas of civilization, independence, economic relations, and sovereignty in the Geneva headquarters. As Pedersen shows, although the architects and officials of the mandates system always sought to uphold imperial authority, colonial nationalists, German revisionists, African-American intellectuals and others were able to use the platform Geneva offered to challenge their claims. Amid this cacophony, imperial statesmen began exploring new means - client states, economic concessions - of securing Western hegemony. In the end, the mandate system helped to create the world in which we now live. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eA riveting work of global history, \u003cem\u003eThe Guardians\u003c\/em\u003e enables us to look back at the League with new eyes, and in doing so, appreciate how complex, multivalent, and consequential this first great experiment in internationalism really was.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSusan Pedersen \u003c\/strong\u003eis Professor and James P. Shenton Professor of the Core Curriculum at Columbia University. She specializes in British history, the British Empire, comparative European history, and international history. She is the author of several books, including \u003cem\u003eEleanor Rathbone and the Politics of Conscience.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318393835794,"sku":"9780199730032","price":37.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_c6cf57f4-e043-4c1f-91fa-b87f4a177ff1.jpg?v=1727554721"},{"product_id":"genocide-a-world-history-9780199765263","title":"Genocide: A World History","description":"Genocide occurs in every time period and on every continent. Using the 1948 U.N. definition of genocide as its departure point, this book examines the main episodes in the history of genocide from the beginning of human history to the present. Norman M. Naimark lucidly shows that genocide both changes over time, depending on the character of major historical periods, and remains the same in many of its murderous dynamics. He examines cases of genocide as distinct episodes of mass violence, but also in historical connection with earlier episodes. Unlike much of the literature in genocide studies, Naimark argues that genocide can also involve the elimination of targeted social and political groups, providing an insightful analysis of communist and anti-communist genocide. He pays special attention to settler (sometimes colonial) genocide as a subject of major concern, illuminating how deeply the elimination of indigenous peoples, especially in Africa, South America, and North America, influenced recent historical developments. At the same time, the -classic- cases of genocide in the twentieth Century - the Armenian Genocide, the Holocaust, Rwanda, and Bosnia -- are discussed, together with recent episodes in Darfur and Congo.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorman Naimark\u003c\/strong\u003e is Robert and Florence McDonnell Professor of East European Studies and Sakurako and William Fisher Director of the Stanford Global Studies Division at Stanford University. 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What the kings forged, as they saw it, was a relationship of friends-brothers-across hundreds of miles. Over centuries they worked out ways for their ambassadors to travel safely to one another's capitals, they created formal rules of interaction and ways to work out disagreements, they agreed to treaties and abided by them, and their efforts had paid off with the exchange of luxury goods that each country wanted from the other. Tied to one another through peace treaties and powerful obligations, they were also often bound together as in-laws, as a result of marrying one another's daughters. These rulers had almost never met one another in person, but they felt a strong connection--a real brotherhood--which gradually made wars between them less common. Indeed, any one of the great powers of the time could have tried to take over the others through warfare, but diplomacy usually prevailed and provided a respite from bloodshed. 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A half century ago, Egypt under Nasser became the putative leader of the Arab world and a beacon for all developing nations. Yet in the decades prior to the 2011 revolution, it was ruled over by a sclerotic regime plagued by nepotism and corruption. During that time, its economy declined into near shambles, a severely overpopulated Cairo fell into disrepair, and it produced scores of violent Islamic extremists such as Ayman al-Zawahiri and Mohammed Atta. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn this new and updated paperback edition of The Struggle for Egypt, Steven Cook--a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations--explains how this parlous state of affairs came to be, why the revolution occurred, and where Egypt is headed now. A sweeping account of Egypt in the modern era, it incisively chronicles all of the nation's central historical episodes: the decline of British rule, the rise of Nasser and his quest to become a pan-Arab leader, Egypt's decision to make peace with Israel and ally with the United States, the assassination of Sadat, the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood, and--finally--the demonstrations that convulsed Tahrir Square and overthrew an entrenched regime. And for the paperback edition, Cook has updated the book to include coverage of the recent political events in Egypt, including the election of the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi as President. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThroughout Egypt's history, there has been an intense debate to define what Egypt is, what it stands for, and its relation to the world. Egyptians now have an opportunity to finally answer these questions. 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Williams Professor of History and Political Science at Harvard, chairman of its Government Department, and a research associate of the Fairbank Center for East Asian Research.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318549647634,"sku":"9780231110839","price":65.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_885b2ae0-a877-47d7-9e2f-d603838d09ed.jpg?v=1727557220"},{"product_id":"colonial-effects-the-making-of-national-identity-in-jordan-9780231123235","title":"Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan","description":"\u003cp\u003eColonial Effects analyzes the creation and definition of modern Jordanian identity. 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Massad engages recent scholarly debates on nationalism and richly fulfills the analytical promise of Michel Foucault's insight that modern institutions and their power to have productive, not merely repressive or coercive, capacities--though Massad also stresses their continued repressive function. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eHis argument is advanced by a consideration of evidence, including images produced by state tourist agencies aimed at attracting Western visitors, the changing and precarious position of women in the newly constructed national space, and such practices as soccer games, music, songs, food, clothing, and shifting accents and dialects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJoseph A. Massad is assistant professor of modern Arab politics and intellectual history in the Department of Middle East and Asian Languages and Cultures at Columbia University. 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Contributors tackle critical research questions, such as the legacy of the Ottoman Empire's ethno-religious plurality and the way in which Turkey's assertive secularism can be softened to allow greater space for religious actors. They address the military's \"guardian\" role in Turkey's secularism, the implications of recent constitutional amendments for democratization, and the consequences and benefits of Islamic activism's presence within a democratic system. No other collection confronts Turkey's contemporary evolution so vividly and thoroughly or offers such expert analysis of its crucial social and political systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors: Karen Barkey (Columbia University) - Ümit Cizre (Istanbul Sehir University) - M. Sükrü Hanioglu (Princeton University) - Stathis N. Kalyvas (Yale University) - Ahmet T. Kuru (San Diego State University) - Joost Lagendijk (Sabanc University) - Ergun Özbudun (Bilkent University) - Alfred Stepan (Columbia University)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAhmet T. Kuru, a former postdoctoral scholar at Columbia University, is associate professor of political science at San Diego State University and chair of the Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eSecularism and State Policies Toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eAlfred Stepan is the Wallace Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University and a former Gladstone Professor of Government at All Souls College, Oxford University. His most recent book, with Juan J. 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The book features prominent international contributors, including a foreword by Lebanese novelist Elias Khoury on the centrality of the Holocaust and Nakba in the essential struggle of humanity against racism, and an afterword by literary scholar Jacqueline Rose on the challenges and contributions of the linkage between the Holocaust and Nakba for power to shift and a world of justice and equality to be created between the two peoples. \u003cem\u003eThe Holocaust and the Nakba\u003c\/em\u003e is the first extended and collective scholarly treatment in English of these two constitutive traumas together.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBashir Bashir is Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology, Political Science, and Communication at the Open University of Israel and a senior research fellow at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. 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Lesch, Villanova University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis innovative study examines the internal dynamics of the Palestinian political elite and their impact on the struggle to establish a Palestinian state. The PLO leadership has sought to prevent the rise of any alternative in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that can challenge its authority to represent Palestinian aspirations for self-determination. Drawing on Palestinian sources and interviews with Palestinian political leaders, Jamal argues that the Fatah leadership has attempted to mobilize new social forces--local secular-nationalist and Islamist movements--while undermining their ability to develop independent power structures. This policy has served to radicalize the younger local elites, contributing to the tensions that precipitated the first and second intifadas. Israel's policies have undermined the legitimacy of the national elite, while enhancing the Islamist opposition's ideological legitimacy. 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Provence shows compellingly that the Great Syrian Revolt was a formative event in shaping the modern Middle East.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMichael Provence is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Texas Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318825193746,"sku":"9780292706804","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_28aa9b97-9e0a-49d2-9b74-ab26c7ca02cc.jpg?v=1727561374"},{"product_id":"utopias-on-puget-sound-1885-1915-9780295974446","title":"Utopias on Puget Sound: 1885-1915","description":"\u003cp\u003ePostmaster General James A Farley's famous toast \"to the forty-seven states and the soviet of Washington\" introduces and sets the tone for this study of Washington State radicalism. The state's colorful reputation for radical movements was established in the 1920s and 1930s by free speech fights, strikes, strong labor organizations, and woman suffrage reforms. Charles LeWarne finds the roots of this radicalism in the communitarian experiments of the late nineteenth century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThrough analyses of several of these experiments, LeWarne demonstrates that the influence of a coterie of liberals and radicals centered on Puget Sound in such communities as Home, Burley, Freeland, Equality, and Port Angeles was felt in the state long after the \"utopias\" they came to colonize had ceased to exist.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProbably the most famous of the experiments was Home Colony on Joe's Bay near Tacoma. From a nucleus of three families, Home grew to over two hundred residents and lasted for more than twenty years. Its reputation for anarchism and flamboyance contributed to a jail sentence conviction for one editor of the Home newspaper for publishing an editorial called \"The Nude and the Prudes.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReaders interested in current social movements and lifestyles will find many enlightening parallels with recent communal attempts, particularly the rejection of traditional values and the belief in a perfectible world. Whatever the differences within individual colonies, the communitarian ideal has certain general characteristics that find their way into each of these attempts to form a perfect society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHistorians will welcome this treatment of an important part of the social and cultural history of the area. The book contains a mine of previously scattered information on the subject. It is a delightful footnote to the history of the Puget Sound region.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Washington Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318858617106,"sku":"9780295974446","price":31.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_56274b83-f91d-4b65-8bb4-499d210395fd.jpg?v=1727561858"},{"product_id":"the-origins-of-the-choson-dynasty-9780295993799","title":"The Origins of the Choson Dynasty","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ci\u003eThe Origins of the Choson Dynasty\u003c\/i\u003e provides an exhaustive analysis of the structure and composition of Korea's central officialdom during the transition from the Koryo dynasty (918-1392) to the Choson dynasty (1392-1910) and offers a new interpretation of the history of traditional Korea.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eJohn Duncan \u003c\/b\u003eis professor of pre-modern Korean history and director of the Center for Korea Studies at UCLA.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Washington Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318897021202,"sku":"9780295993799","price":36.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_27710a45-bf04-44eb-923a-ad3d315aa23d.jpg?v=1727562008"},{"product_id":"court-of-remorse-inside-the-international-criminal-tribunal-for-rwanda-9780299236748","title":"Court of Remorse: Inside the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda","description":"When genocidal violence gripped Rwanda in 1994, the international community recoiled, hastily withdrawing its peacekeepers. Late that year, in an effort to redeem itself, the United Nations Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to seek accountability for some of the worst atrocities since World War II: the genocide suffered by the Tutsi and crimes against humanity suffered by the Hutu. But faced with competing claims, the prosecution focused exclusively on the crimes of Hutu extremists. No charges would be brought against the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front, which ultimately won control of the country. The UN, as if racked by guilt for its past inaction, gave in to pressure by Rwanda's new leadership. With the Hutu effectively silenced, and the RPF constantly reminding the international community of its failure to protect the Tutsi during the war, the Tribunal pursued an unusual form of one-sided justice, born out of contrition. \u003cbr\u003e Fascinated by the Tribunal's rich complexities, journalist Thierry Cruvellier came back day after day to watch the proceedings, spending more time there than any other outside observer. Gradually he gained the confidence of the victims, defendants, lawyers, and judges. Drawing on interviews with these protagonists and his close observations of their interactions, Cruvellier takes readers inside the courtroom to witness the motivations, mechanisms, and manipulations of justice as it unfolded on the stage of high-stakes, global politics. It is this ground-level view that makes his account so valuable--and so absorbing. A must-read for those who want to understand the dynamics of international criminal tribunals, \u003ci\u003eCourt of Remorse\u003c\/i\u003e reveals both the possibilities and the challenges of prosecuting human rights violations. A\u003ci\u003e Choice \u003c\/i\u003eOutstanding Academic Book \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eBest Books for General Audiences, selected by the American Association for School Libraries and the Public Library Association \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eBest Books for High Schools, selected by the American Association for School Libraries\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThierry Cruvellier, an investigative journalist, covered the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda from 1997 to 2002. Since then, he has reported on tribunals in Sierra Leone, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Cambodia. Cruvellier also founded the \u003ci\u003eInternational Justice Tribune\u003c\/i\u003e, an online magazine covering international criminal justice. Chari Voss is a French-English interpreter and translator based in Washington, D.C., who spent two years interpreting the genocide trials at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Wisconsin Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318920155410,"sku":"9780299236748","price":22.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_47e950c2-b0c9-4831-b8bd-5a4fbc0e9a50.jpg?v=1727562334"},{"product_id":"postcolonial-state-in-africa-fifty-years-of-independence-1960-2010-9780299291440","title":"Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010","description":"In \u003ci\u003eThe Postcolonial State in Africa\u003c\/i\u003e, Crawford Young offers an informed and authoritative comparative overview of fifty years of African independence, drawing on his decades of research and first-hand experience on the African continent. \u003cbr\u003e Young identifies three cycles of hope and disappointment common to many of the African states (including those in North Africa) over the last half-century: initial euphoria at independence in the 1960s followed by disillusionment with a lapse into single-party autocracies and military rule; a period of renewed confidence, radicalization, and ambitious state expansion in the 1970s preceding state crisis and even failure in the disastrous 1980s; and a phase of reborn optimism during the continental wave of democratization beginning around 1990. He explores in depth the many African civil wars--especially those since 1990--and three key tracks of identity: Africanism, territorial nationalism, and ethnicity. \u003cbr\u003e Only more recently, Young argues, have the paths of the fifty-three African states begun to diverge more dramatically, with some leading to liberalization and others to political, social, and economic collapse--outcomes impossible to predict at the outset of independence. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"This book is the best volume to date on the politics of the last 50 years of African independence.\"--\u003ci\u003eInternational Affairs\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"The book shares Young's encyclopedic knowledge of African politics, providing in a single volume a comprehensive rendering of the first 50 years of independence. The book is sprinkled with anecdotes from his vast experience in Africa and that of his many students, and quotations from all of the relevant literature published over the past five decades. Students and scholars of African politics alike will benefit immensely from and enjoy reading \u003ci\u003eThe Postcolonial State in Africa\u003c\/i\u003e.\"--\u003ci\u003ePolitical Science Quarterly\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"The study of African politics will continue to be enriched if practitioners pay homage to the erudition and the nobility of spirit that has anchored the engagement of this most esteemed doyen of Africanists with the continent.\"--\u003ci\u003eAfrican History Review\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"The book's strongest attribute is the careful way that comparative political theory is woven into historical storytelling throughout the text. . . . Written with great clarity even for all its detail, and its interwoven use of theory makes it a great choice for new students of African studies.\"--\u003ci\u003eAustralasian Review of African Studies\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCrawford Young is the Rupert Emerson Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 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Often divided by clan rivalries, the Hmong placed their hope in finding a leader who could unify them and recover their sovereignty. In a compelling analysis of Hmong society and leadership throughout the French colonial period, Mai Na M. Lee identifies two kinds of leaders-political brokers who allied strategically with Southeast Asian governments and with the French, and messianic resistance leaders who claimed the Mandate of Heaven. The continuous rise and fall of such leaders led to cycles of collaboration and rebellion. After World War II, the powerful Hmong Ly clan and their allies sided with the French and the new monarchy in Laos, but the rival Hmong Lo clan and their supporters allied with Communist coalitions.\u003cbr\u003e Lee argues that the leadership struggles between Hmong clans destabilized French rule and hastened its demise. Martialing an impressive array of oral interviews conducted in the United States, France, and Southeast Asia, augmented with French archival documents, she demonstrates how, at the margins of empire, minorities such as the Hmong sway the direction of history. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Best books for public \u0026amp; secondary school libraries from university presses, American Library Association\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMai Na M. Lee is an associate professor of history and Asian American studies at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. She was born in Laos and came to the United States when she was a teenager. 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Focusing on Kuntsevo, the Moscow suburb where Stalin had a dacha, Alexander Vatlin shows how Stalinism rewarded local officials for inventing enemies.\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAgents of Terror\u003c\/i\u003e reveals stunning, detailed evidence from archives available for a limited time in the 1990s. Going beyond the central figures of the terror, Vatlin takes readers into the offices and interrogation rooms of secret police at the district level. Spurred at times by ambition, and at times by fear for their own lives, agents rushed to fulfill quotas for arresting \"enemies of the people\"-even when it meant fabricating the evidence. Vatlin pulls back the curtain on a Kafkaesque system, forcing readers to reassess notions of historical agency and moral responsibility in Stalin-era crimes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlexander Vatlin is a professor of history at Moscow State University. 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In 1993, former KGB officer Alexander Vassiliev was permitted unique access to Stalin-era records of Soviet intelligence operations against the United States. Years later, living in Britain, Vassiliev retrieved his extensive notebooks of transcribed documents from Moscow. With these notebooks John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr have meticulously constructed a new, sometimes shocking, historical account.\u003cp\u003eAlong with general insights into espionage tactics and the motives of Americans who spied for Stalin, \u003ci\u003eSpies\u003c\/i\u003e resolves specific, long-seething controversies. The book confirms, among many other things, that Alger Hiss cooperated with Soviet intelligence over a long period of years, that journalist I. F. Stone worked on behalf of the KGB in the 1930s, and that Robert Oppenheimer was never recruited by Soviet intelligence. \u003ci\u003eSpies\u003c\/i\u003e also uncovers numerous American spies who were never even under suspicion and satisfyingly identifies the last unaccounted for American nuclear spies. Vassiliev tells the story of the notebooks and his own extraordinary life in a gripping introduction to the volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eJohn Earl Haynes\u003c\/b\u003e is a modern political historian in the Manuscript Division, the Library of Congress. He lives in Kensington, MD. \u003cb\u003eHarvey Klehr\u003c\/b\u003e is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Politics and History, Emory University. He lives in Atlanta, GA. 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The long-accepted standard view holds that gradual polarization between the Court and Parliament during the reigns of James I and Charles I reflected the split between absolutists--who upheld the divine right of monarchy to rule--and constitutionalists--who resisted tyranny by insisting the monarch was subject to law--and resulted inevitably in civil war. Yet, Burgess argues, the very terms that have been used to understand the period are misleading: there were almost no genuine absolutist thinkers in England before the Civil War, and the constitutionalism of common lawyers and parliamentarians was a very different notion from current understandings of that term. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eBurgess turns to the great body of common law that enshrined many of England's liberties and institutions. Examining the political opinions of such key figures as Sir Edward Coke and Sir Francis Bacon, he concludes that the laws of the land represented a civilization no monarchist would have attacked. Further, absolutism was a rare creed at the time and, while it was accepted that the king was next to God in authority, this detracted nothing from the insistence that he rule under the law. Rather than a polarization of ideas fueling political division, says Burgess, it was Charles I's inappropriate exploitation of agreed prerogatives that exposed tensions, forged divisions, and ruptured the pacified politics of which the early modern English were so proud. 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