{"title":"Christian European History Books","description":"\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-68bedd6f-bdc4-832e-b02d-a7dc78f26b99-17\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-244\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"4274d30b-0871-4881-92ba-dceaac204021\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-5\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2401\" data-end=\"2569\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2505\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2504\"\u003eChristian European History Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e – Stories of Christianity’s role in shaping European history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"authority-and-asceticism-from-augustine-to-gregory-the-great-9780198208686","title":"Authority and Asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great","description":"When barbarians invaded the Roman Empire in the years around 400 AD, Christian monks hid in their cloisters--or so it is often assumed. Conrad Leyser shows that monks in the early medieval West were, in fact, pioneers in the creation of a new language of moral authority. He describes the making of this tradition over two centuries from St. Augustine to St. Benedict and Gregory the Great.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Clarendon Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318322991378,"sku":"9780198208686","price":292.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_f80fca1d-3860-41d2-b3a9-a25f237fd160.jpg?v=1727553285"},{"product_id":"the-restoration-of-rome-barbarian-popes-and-imperial-pretenders","title":"The Restoration of Rome: Barbarian Popes and Imperial Pretenders","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn 476 AD, the last of Rome's emperors, known as \"Augustulus,\" was deposed by a barbarian general, the son of one of Attila the Hun's henchmen. With the imperial vestments dispatched to Constantinople, the curtain fell on the Roman empire in Western Europe, its territories divided among successor kingdoms constructed around barbarian military manpower.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut, if the Roman Empire was dead, Romans across much of the old empire still lived, holding on to their lands, their values, and their institutions. The conquering barbarians, responding to Rome's continuing psychological dominance and the practical value of many of its institutions, were ready to reignite the imperial flame and enjoy the benefits. As Peter Heather shows in dazzling biographical portraits, each of the three greatest immediate contenders for imperial power--Theoderic, Justinian, and Charlemagne--operated with a different power base but was astonishingly successful in his own way. Though each in turn managed to put back together enough of the old Roman West to stake a plausible claim to the Western imperial title, none of their empires long outlived their founders' deaths. Not until the reinvention of the papacy in the eleventh century would Europe's barbarians find the means to establish a new kind of Roman Empire, one that has lasted a thousand years.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA sequel to the bestselling \u003cem\u003eFall of the Roman Empire, \u003c\/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eThe Restoration of Rome\u003c\/em\u003e offers a captivating narrative of the death of an era and the birth of the Catholic Church.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeter Heather \u003c\/strong\u003eis Professor of Medieval History at King's College London. He is the bestselling author of \u003cem\u003eThe Fall of the Roman Empire\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEmpires and Barbarians\u003c\/em\u003e, and numerous other works on late antiquity and the early Middle Ages.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318371356946,"sku":"9780199368518","price":28.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_d4786814-6b6b-4781-ad60-42a916289651.jpg?v=1727554303"},{"product_id":"religious-warfare-in-europe-1400-1536-9780199552283","title":"Religious Warfare in Europe 1400-1536","description":"Religious warfare has been a recurrent feature of European history. In this intelligent and readable new study, the distinguished Crusade historian Norman Housley describes and analyses the principal expressions of holy war in the period from the Hussite wars to the first generation of the Reformation. The context was one of both challenge and expansion. The Ottoman Turks posed an unprecedented external threat to the 'Christian republic', while doctrinal dissent, constant warfare between states, and rebellion eroded it from within.\u003cbr\u003e This is a major contribution to both Crusade history and the study of the Wars of Religion of the early modern period. Professor Housley explores the interaction between Crusade and religious war in the broader sense, and argues that the religious violence of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was organic, in the sens that it sprang from deeply rooted proclivities within European society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorman Housely\u003c\/strong\u003e is a Professor of History at the University of Leicester.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318379745554,"sku":"9780199552283","price":55.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_1d87519d-fff4-47b7-bf1d-fdb7e9e1a4e5.jpg?v=1727554433"},{"product_id":"visions-of-the-end-apocalyptic-traditions-in-the-middle-ages-9780231112574","title":"Visions of the End: Apocalyptic Traditions in the Middle Ages","description":"\u003cp\u003eFrom millenarists to Antichrist hunters, from the Sibyls to the Hussites, \u003ci\u003eVisions of the End\u003c\/i\u003e is a monumental compendium spanning the literature of the Christian apocalyptic tradition from the period A.D. 400 to 1500, masterfully selected and complete with a comprehensive introduction and new preface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318550892818,"sku":"9780231112574","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_d488db72-d7bb-48a2-b50c-5e8f5a4665fd.jpg?v=1727557252"},{"product_id":"the-letters-of-st-boniface-9780231120937","title":"The Letters of St. Boniface","description":"St. Boniface, the early eighth-century English cleric who became known as \"Apostle to the Germans,\" was an important agent in the conversion of the North German tribes from paganism to Christianity. His efforts were devoted as well to organizing and concentrating all of Germanic Christendom under the leadership of Rome. He numbered among his correspondents the popes as well as colleagues in England, France, and Rome. His letters provide unique insights into the religious, ecclesiastical, political, and social history of early medieval Europe.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318552596754,"sku":"9780231120937","price":37.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_c643b527-0c40-450f-b671-88a69b11135b.jpg?v=1727557297"},{"product_id":"the-chronicle-of-henry-of-livonia-9780231128896","title":"The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia","description":"The only English translation available of the most important first-hand account of the \"Northern Crusades\" in the Baltic states has finally been reprinted, with additional maps and a revised introduction by James A. Brundage. Henry s chronicle is the only surviving evidence for many episodes in the early stages of Christendom in the Eastern Baltic. In describing sights, sounds, and even the personal appearance and quirks of many of the people he encountered, Henry of Livonia provides us with an invaluable and deeply human history.The pope s call for a renewed holy war at the end of the twelfth century inspired not only the famous crusades in the Middle East but also a series of less celebrated yet decidedly more successful Northern Crusades. Scandinavian rulers and German military monks conquered and settled the Baltic world, spreading Western values and Christianity. At the time, the region of Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) was a crossroads of Germanic, Scandinavian, and Russian trade, culture, and religion. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia provides insight into not only military operations in the East during this tumultuous period but also the conflicted attitudes of an eyewitness, revealing the complex melding of religious motives with political aims.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJames A. Brundage is Ahmanson-Murphy Distinguished Professor of History emeritus at the University of Kansas. He is the author of numerous books on medieval history, including \u003ci\u003eThe Crusades, Medieval Canon Law, \u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eLaw, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"Columbia University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50318553547026,"sku":"9780231128896","price":41.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_5657acf1-01b5-4c1f-a01a-86b5ddfe9b32.jpg?v=1727557359"},{"product_id":"the-practice-of-the-bible-in-the-middle-ages-production-reception-and-performance-in-western-christianity-9780231148276","title":"The Practice of the Bible in the Middle Ages: Production, Reception, and Performance in Western Christianity","description":"In this volume, specialists in literature, theology, liturgy, manuscript studies, and history introduce the medieval culture of the Bible in Western Christianity. Emphasizing the living quality of the text and the unique literary traditions that arose from it, they show the many ways in which the Bible was read, performed, recorded, and interpreted by various groups in medieval Europe. An initial orientation introduces the origins, components, and organization of medieval Bibles. Subsequent chapters address the use of the Bible in teaching and preaching, the production and purpose of Biblical manuscripts in religious life, early vernacular versions of the Bible, its influence on medieval historical accounts, the relationship between the Bible and monasticism, and instances of privileged and practical use, as well as the various forms the text took in different parts of Europe. 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Jonas masterfully reconstructs the history of the devotion responsible for the basilica, beginning with the apparition of the Sacred Heart to Marguerite Marie Alacoque in the seventeenth century, through the French Revolution and its aftermath, to the construction of the monumental church that has loomed over Paris since the end of the nineteenth century. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJonas focuses on key moments in the development of the cult: the founding apparition, its invocation during the plague of Marseilles, its adaptation as a royalist symbol during the French Revolution, and its elevation to a central position in Catholic devotional and political life in the crisis surrounding the Franco-Prussian War. He draws on a wealth of archival sources to produce a learned yet accessible narrative that encompasses a remarkable sweep of French politics, history, architecture, and art.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eRaymond Jonas, \u003c\/b\u003e Professor of History at the University of Washington, is the author of \u003ci\u003eFrance and the Cult of the Sacred Heart: An Epic Tale for Modern Times\u003c\/i\u003e (California, 2000), \u003ci\u003eIndustry and Politics in Rural France: Peasants of the Isère, 1870-1914\u003c\/i\u003e (1994), and \u003ci\u003eLe Sacré-Coeur; histoire d'une dévotion du XVIe au XXe siècle\u003c\/i\u003e (2004).\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of California Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50324890714386,"sku":"9780520221369","price":63.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_acefc029-3992-4959-b4e9-23ab3cc0343c.jpg?v=1727677690"},{"product_id":"the-jesuits-and-the-thirty-years-war-kings-courts-and-confessors-9780521099325","title":"The Jesuits and the Thirty Years War: Kings, Courts, and Confessors","description":"Christian princes waged the first pan-European war from 1618 to 1648. 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It also examines the challenge to the Jesuit superior general in Rome to lead a truly international organization through a period of rising national conflict.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50325043347730,"sku":"9780521099325","price":51.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_12923ed8-26c2-487f-9173-24ac4a129495.jpg?v=1727679221"},{"product_id":"the-french-wars-of-religion-1562-1629-9780521547505","title":"The French Wars of Religion, 1562 1629","description":"This book is a new edition of Mack P. Holt's classic study of the French religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Drawing on the scholarship of social and cultural historians of the Reformation, it shows how religion infused both politics and the socio-economic tensions of the period to produce a long extended civil war. Professor Holt integrates court politics and the political theory of the elites with the religious experiences of the popular classes, offering a fresh perspective on the wars and on why the French were willing to kill their neighbors in the name of religion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eHolt, Mack P.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Mack P. Holt is Professor of History at the George Mason University. His previous publications include The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle during the Wars of Religion (1986) and Renaissance and Reformation France, 1500-1648 (2002, ed.).","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50325087584530,"sku":"9780521547505","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_486a254e-b144-4f27-9617-c215ba19f452.jpg?v=1727680605"},{"product_id":"the-measure-of-reality-quantification-in-western-europe-1250-1600-9780521639903","title":"The Measure of Reality: Quantification in Western Europe, 1250 1600","description":"Western Europeans were among the first, if not the first, to invent mechanical clocks, geometrically precise maps, double-entry bookkeeping, precise algebraic and musical notations, and perspective painting. 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National cathedral, coronation church, royal mausoleum, burial place of poets, resting place of the great and of the Unknown Warrior, former home of parliament, backdrop to the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales--this rich and extraordinary building unites many functions. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eWestminster Abbey\u003c\/i\u003e is both an appreciation of an architectural masterpiece and an exploration of the building's shifting meanings. We hear the voices of those who have described its forms, moods, and ceremonies, from Shakespeare and Voltaire to Dickens and Henry James; we see how rulers have made use of it, from medieval kings to modern prime ministers. 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His previous books include \u003ci\u003eThe Victorians and Ancient Greece\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eDignity and Decadence: Victorian Art and the Classical Inheritance\u003c\/i\u003e.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50326917677330,"sku":"9780674061972","price":25.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_d7773c5b-bd7f-4f3e-8d08-6b80f0ad181e.jpg?v=1727706879"},{"product_id":"the-magdalene-in-the-reformation-9780674979994","title":"The Magdalene in the Reformation","description":"\u003cp\u003eProstitute, apostle, evangelist--the conversion of Mary Magdalene from sinner to saint is one of the Christian tradition's most compelling stories, and one of the most controversial. The identity of the woman--or, more likely, women--represented by this iconic figure has been the subject of dispute since the Church's earliest days. Much less appreciated is the critical role the Magdalene played in remaking modern Christianity. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn a vivid recreation of the Catholic and Protestant cultures that emerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, \u003ci\u003eThe Magdalene in the Reformation \u003c\/i\u003ereveals that the Magdalene inspired a devoted following among those eager to find new ways to relate to God and the Church. In popular piety, liturgy, and preaching, as well as in education and the arts, the Magdalene tradition provided both Catholics and Protestants with the flexibility to address the growing need for reform. Margaret Arnold shows that as the medieval separation between clergy and laity weakened, the Magdalene represented a new kind of discipleship for men and women and offered alternative paths for practicing a Christian life. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eWhere many have seen two separate religious groups with conflicting preoccupations, Arnold sees Christians who were often engaged in a common dialogue about vocation, framed by the life of Mary Magdalene. Arnold disproves the idea that Protestants removed saints from their theology and teaching under reform. Rather, devotion to Mary Magdalene laid the foundation within Protestantism for the public ministry of women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eArnold, Margaret:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Margaret Arnold is Rector of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Cohasett, Massachusetts. She received her Ph.D. in Religious and Theological Studies from Boston University and was awarded the 2017 Duke Divinity Innovation Grant for the development of Episcopal curriculum material. She has written about faith and women's lives in the work of Jane Austen and L. M. Montgomery for the literary website sarahemsley.com.","brand":"Belknap Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327002677522,"sku":"9780674979994","price":30.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_743b48fd-e1fb-4cf9-a5e9-07f502ae9e82.jpg?v=1727708124"},{"product_id":"african-catholic-decolonization-and-the-transformation-of-the-church-9780674987661","title":"African Catholic: Decolonization and the Transformation of the Church","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWinner of the John Gilmary Shea Prize\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003eA groundbreaking history of how Africans in the French Empire embraced both African independence and their Catholic faith during the upheaval of decolonization, leading to a fundamental reorientation of the Catholic Church.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eAfrican Catholic\u003c\/i\u003e examines how French imperialists and the Africans they ruled imagined the religious future of French sub-Saharan Africa in the years just before and after decolonization. The story encompasses the political transition to independence, Catholic contributions to black intellectual currents, and efforts to alter the church hierarchy to create an authentically \"African\" church. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eElizabeth Foster recreates a Franco-African world forged by conquest, colonization, missions, and conversions--one that still exists today. We meet missionaries in Africa and their superiors in France, African Catholic students abroad destined to become leaders in their home countries, African Catholic intellectuals and young clergymen, along with French and African lay activists. All of these men and women were preoccupied with the future of France's colonies, the place of Catholicism in a postcolonial Africa, and the struggle over their personal loyalties to the Vatican, France, and the new African states. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eHaving served as the nuncio to France and the Vatican's liaison to UNESCO in the 1950s, Pope John XXIII understood as few others did the central questions that arose in the postwar Franco-African Catholic world. Was the church truly universal? Was Catholicism a conservative pillar of order or a force to liberate subjugated and exploited peoples? Could the church change with the times? He was thinking of Africa on the eve of Vatican II, declaring in a radio address shortly before the council opened, \"Vis-à-vis the underdeveloped countries, the church presents itself as it is and as it wants to be: the church of all.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eFoster, Elizabeth A.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Elizabeth A. Foster is the author of \u003ci\u003eFaith in Empire: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Rule in French Senegal, 1880-1940\u003c\/i\u003e, which won the Alf Andrew Heggoy Book Prize from the French Colonial Historical Society. An Associate Professor of History at Tufts University, she has been a Visiting Scholar at Harvard's Center for European Studies and has received Fulbright, ACLS, and NEH Fellowships.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327005135122,"sku":"9780674987661","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_73de1136-0788-4196-b1f0-ef5bbae4fc4c.jpg?v=1727708172"},{"product_id":"the-kidnapping-of-edgardo-mortara-9780679768173","title":"The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara","description":"\u003cb\u003eSoon to be a major motion picture from Steven Spielberg. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eA National Book Award Finalist\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe extraordinary story of how the vatican's imprisonment of a six-year-old Jewish boy in 1858 helped to bring about the collapse of the popes' worldly power in Italy. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eBologna: nightfall, June 1858. A knock sounds at the door of the Jewish merchant Momolo Mortara. Two officers of the Inquisition bust inside and seize Mortara's six-year-old son, Edgardo. As the boy is wrenched from his father's arms, his mother collapses. The reason for his abduction: the boy had been secretly \"baptized\" by a family servant. According to papal law, the child is therefore a Catholic who can be taken from his family and delivered to a special monastery where his conversion will be completed. \u003cbr\u003e With this terrifying scene, prize-winning historian David I. Kertzer begins the true story of how one boy's kidnapping became a pivotal event in the collapse of the Vatican as a secular power. The book evokes the anguish of a modest merchant's family, the rhythms of daily life in a Jewish ghetto, and also explores, through the revolutionary campaigns of Mazzini and Garibaldi and such personages as Napoleon III, the emergence of Italy as a modern national state. Moving and informative, \u003ci\u003ethe Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara\u003c\/i\u003e reads as both a historical thriller and an authoritative analysis of how a single human tragedy changed the course of history.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDavid I. Kertzer\u003c\/b\u003e is the Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science and professor of anthropology and Italian studies at Brown University, where he served as provost from 2006 to 2011. He is the author of nine books, including \u003ci\u003eThe Popes Against the Jews, \u003c\/i\u003e which was a finalist for the Mark Lynton History Prize, and \u003ci\u003eThe Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, \u003c\/i\u003e which was a finalist for the National Book Award. He has twice been awarded the Marraro Prize from the Society for Italian Historical Studies for the best work on Italian history. He and his wife, Susan, live in Providence, Rhode Island.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Vintage","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327032135954,"sku":"9780679768173","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_9435bd16-e525-4a9a-bfb1-d4b35b8fda79.jpg?v=1737062508"},{"product_id":"reform-and-the-papacy-in-the-eleventh-century-spirituality-and-social-change-9780719058349","title":"Reform and the Papacy in the Eleventh Century: Spirituality and Social Change","description":"Assessing the relationship between reform and the papacy in eleventh-century Europe from the perspectives of social and religious change, this book fills a gap in current literature and offers new insights into an important topic in medieval history\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKathleen G. Cushing is Lecturer in Medieval History at Keele University\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Manchester University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327613505810,"sku":"9780719058349","price":25.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_be450ddf-3877-4cb5-a4bf-81b592a1b2f1.jpg?v=1727717161"},{"product_id":"hitler-and-the-vatican-inside-the-secret-archives-that-reveal-the-new-story-of-the-nazis-and-the-church-9780743245982","title":"Hitler and the Vatican: Inside the Secret Archives That Reveal the New Story of the Nazis and the Church","description":"For years, the policies of the Catholic Church during the rise and terribly destructive rule of the Nazis have been controversial. Pope Pius XII has been attacked as \"Hitler's Pope,\" an anti-Semitic enabler who refused to condemn Nazism, much less urge Catholics to resist the German regime. The Church has been accused of standing by while the Nazis steadily revealed their evil designs. Yet all such arguments have been based only on sketchy evidence. The Vatican has kept its internal workings secret and locked away from scrutiny. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eUntil now. In February 2003, the Vatican opened its archives for the crucial years of the Nazi consolidation of power, up until 1939. Peter Godman, thanks to his long experience in Vatican sources and his reputation as an impartial, non-Catholic historian of the Church, was one of the first scholars to explore the new documents. The story they tell is revelatory and surprising and forces a major revision of the history of the 1930s. It is a story that reveals the innermost workings of the Vatican, an institution far more fractured than monolithic, one that allowed legalism to trump moral outrage. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eGodman's narrative is doubly shocking: At first, the Church planned to condemn Nazism as heretical, and drafted several variations of its charges in the mid-1930s. However, as Mussolini drew close to Hitler, and Pope Pius XI grew more concerned about communism than fascism, the charge was reduced to a denunciation only of bolshevism. The Church abandoned its moral attack on the Nazis and retreated to diplomacy, complaining about treaty violations and delivering weak protests while the horrors of religious persecution mounted. As Godman demonstrates, the policies of Pius XII were all determined by his predecessor, Pius XI. The Church was misled not so much by \"Hitler's Pope\" as by a tragic miscalculation and a special relationship with the Italian government. Mussolini toyed with the Church, even proposing that Hitler be excommunicated. Yet in the end, when presented with further evidence of Nazi depredations, Pius XI could only comment, \"Kindly God, who has allowed all this to happen at present, undoubtedly has His purpose.\" \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eReproducing the key Church documents in full and quoting verbatim conversations between Pius XI and his bishops, \u003ci\u003eHitler and the Vatican\u003c\/i\u003e is the most extraordinary look inside the secretive Vatican ever written.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeter Godman is one of the world's leading Vatican scholars, now at the University of Rome and formerly of the University of Tubingen. An atheist, he has nonetheless won admiration within the Vatican as well as the scholarly world for his monographs with Princeton and Oxford University Presses, and he was appointed by the Church as a founding member of the Committee for the Archives of the Holy Office. 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In England, children of the Vikings who had martyred the Christian king of East Anglia minted coins extolling his holiness. In Normandy the pagans became loyal supporters of the Catholic Church. In the east the former raiders founded the first Russian state and converted to Orthodox Christianity. Martyn and Hannah Whittock suggest that the Vikings had as much impact as converts as they did as deadly marauders. So how and why did this radical transformation happen, and what is their legacy today?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMartyn Whittock graduated in Politics from Bristol University and is the author or co-author of fifty-two books, including school history textbooks and adult history books. He taught history for thirty-five years and latterly, was curriculum leader for Spiritual, Moral, Social and Cultural education at a Wiltshire secondary school. He isa Licensed Lay Minister in the Church of England. He has acted as an historical consultant to the National Trust and English Heritage. He retired from teaching in July 2016 to devote more time to writing. His Lion books include: The Vikings: from Odin to Christ, Christ: TheFirst 2000 Years, Daughters of Eve, Jesus: The Unauthorized Biography, and The Story of the Cross.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Lion Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327807885586,"sku":"9780745980201","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_1680aae9-07b9-431b-a48b-d1466bd39ec7.jpg?v=1737062707"},{"product_id":"origins-of-the-magdalene-laundries-an-analytical-history-9780786444465","title":"Origins of the Magdalene Laundries: An Analytical History","description":"\u003cp\u003e The convents, asylums, and laundries that once comprised the Magdalene institutions are the subject of this work. 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Or do the horrors of the twentieth century and the specter of nuclear war make all too clear the continuing need for some vital symbol of radical evil? A single-volume distillation of Russell's epic tetralogy on the nature and personifcation of evil from ancient times to the present (published by Cornell University Press between 1977 and 1986), \u003ci\u003eThe Prince of Darkness\u003c\/i\u003e invites readers to confront these and other critical questions as they explore the past faces of that figure who has been called the second most famous personage in Christianity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eRussell, Jeffrey Burton:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Jeffrey Burton Russell is Professor of History Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara.","brand":"Cornell University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328329715986,"sku":"9780801420146","price":57.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_ae6ca62f-1e20-4f07-a5ea-e155e473bc9d.jpg?v=1737062873"},{"product_id":"the-making-of-saint-louis-kingship-sanctity-and-crusade-in-the-later-middle-ages-9780801476259","title":"The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages","description":"\u003cp\u003eCanonized in 1297 as Saint Louis, King Louis IX of France (r. 1226-1270) was one of the most important kings of medieval history and also one of the foremost saints of the later Middle Ages. 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Louis' cult was disseminated to a wider, nonelite public through sermons in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and then revived by the Bourbon kings in the seventeenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn deepening our knowledge of this royal saint, this elegantly written book opens the curtain on the religious sensibilities and secular politics of a transitional period in European history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eM. 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The previous two volumes in this remarkable tertalogy--\u003ci\u003eThe Devil\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eSatan\u003c\/i\u003e--trace the history of the concept of the devil comparatively as it emerged in diverse cultures and followed its development in Western thought from the ancient Hebrew religion through the first five centuries of the Christian era.The present volume charts the evolution of the concept of the devil from the fifth century through the fifteenth. Drawing on an impressive array of sources from popular religion, art, literature, and drama, as well as from scholastic philosophy, mystical theology, homiletics, and hagiography, Russell provides a detailed treatment of Christian diabology in the Middle Ages. Although he focuses primarily on Western Christian thought, Russell also includes, for the sake of comparison, material on the concept of the devil in Greek Orthodoxy during the Byzantine period as well as in Muslim thought.Russell recounts how the Middle Ages saw a refinement in detail rather than a radical alteration of diabological theory. He shows that the medieval concept of the devil, fundamentally unchanged over the course of the centuries, eventually gave rise to the unyielding beliefs that resulted in the horrifying cruelties of the witch-hunting craze in the 1500s and 1600s. This major contribution to the history of the Middle Ages and to the history of religion will enlighten scholars and students alike and will appeal to anyone concerned with the problem of evil in our world.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eRussell, Jeffrey Burton:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Jeffrey Burton Russell is Professor of History Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara.","brand":"Cornell University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328341774610,"sku":"9780801494291","price":36.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_b8f49437-822c-4f1c-bdb8-947194c7e7a2.jpg?v=1727736109"},{"product_id":"enrico-dandolo-and-the-rise-of-venice-9780801885396","title":"Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice","description":"\u003cp\u003eWinner of the 2005 Otto Grundler Award, the International Congress on Medieval Studies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, Venice transformed itself from a struggling merchant commune to a powerful maritime empire that would shape events in the Mediterranean for the next four hundred years. In this magisterial new book on medieval Venice, Thomas F. Madden traces the city-state's extraordinary rise through the life of Enrico Dandolo (c. 1107-1205), who ruled Venice as doge from 1192 until his death. The scion of a prosperous merchant family deeply involved in politics, religion, and diplomacy, Dandolo led Venice's forces during the disastrous Fourth Crusade (1201-1204), which set out to conquer Islamic Egypt but instead destroyed Christian Byzantium. Yet despite his influence on the course of Venetian history, we know little about Dandolo, and much of what is known has been distorted by myth.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first full-length study devoted to Dandolo's life and times, \u003ci\u003eEnrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice\u003c\/i\u003e corrects the many misconceptions about him that have accumulated over the centuries, offering an accurate and incisive assessment of Dandolo's motives, abilities, and achievements as doge, as well as his role--and Venice's--in the Fourth Crusade. Madden also examines the means and methods by which the Dandolo family rose to prominence during the preceding century, thus illuminating medieval Venice's singular political, social, and religious environment. Culminating with the crisis precipitated by the failure of the Fourth Crusade, Madden's groundbreaking work reveals the extent to which Dandolo and his successors became torn between the anxieties and apprehensions of Venice's citizens and its escalating obligations as a Mediterranean power.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThomas F. Madden \u003c\/b\u003e is an associate professor of history and chair of the history department at Saint Louis University. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eA Concise History of the Crusades\u003c\/i\u003e, coauthor (with Donald E. Queller) of \u003ci\u003eThe Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople\u003c\/i\u003e, editor of \u003ci\u003eThe Crusades: Essential Readings\u003c\/i\u003e, and co-editor (with Ellen E. 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As emanations of the Divine, mediators between God and the cosmos, embodied universals, and ravishing objects of identification and desire, medieval goddesses transformed and deepened Christendom's concept of God, introducing religious possibilities beyond the ambit of scholastic theology and bringing them to vibrant imaginative life. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eBuilding a bridge between secular and religious conceptions of allegorized female power, Newman advances such questions as whether medieval writers believed in their goddesses and, if so, in what manner. She investigates whether the personifications encountered in poetic fictions can be distinguished from those that appear in religious visions and questions how medieval writers reconcile their statements about the multiple daughters of God with orthodox devotion to the Son of God. 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Despite the fact that these depositions were spoken in the vernacular, but recorded in Latin in the third person and rewritten in the past tense, historians have often taken these accounts as verbatim transcriptions of personal testimony. This belief has prompted some historians, including E. Le Roy Ladurie, to go so far as to retranslate the testimonies into the first-person. These testimonies have been a long source of controversy for historians and scholars of the Middle Ages. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eArnold enters current theoretical debates about subjectivity and the nature of power to develop reading strategies that will permit a more nuanced reinterpretation of these documents of interrogation. Rather than seeking to recover the true voice of the Cathars from behind the inquisitor's framework, this book shows how the historian is better served by analyzing texts as sites of competing discourses that construct and position a variety of subjectivities. 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Warlike kingdoms competed with each other and took on projects of political consolidation, religious accommodation, and conversion. Religious imperatives shaped the understanding of political culture, alongside aristocratic consensus and cooperation. The Franks ultimately dominated Europe and built a great empire, pursuing a doctrine of missionary warfare. Carolingian kings and nobles were mobilized by a religiously saturated ideology and by the appeal of an aggressive and expansionist political order.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThroughout these changes, bishops played a guiding role. Their special garments, liturgies, and hairstyle indicated their character as a priestly brotherhood, set apart from the rest of society, whose task was to regulate the affairs of men and ensure the benevolence of God. The function of bishops as a cohesive religious order, and their collaboration with kings, meant that their ideas had a special prestige. 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By their mastery of laws--canon, Roman, and barbarian--the bishops grasped the right nature of the social order and indicated to others God's plan for the world.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawing on the records of nearly 100 bishops' councils spanning the centuries, alongside royal law, edicts, and capitularies of the same period, this study details how royal law and the very character of kingship among the Franks were profoundly affected by episcopal traditions of law and social order.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMichael Edward Moore is associate professor of medieval and European history at the University of Iowa\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Catholic University of America Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328745443602,"sku":"9780813229621","price":36.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_fa6a1c41-1ec3-49ef-95ab-808b28f7f533.jpg?v=1727749943"},{"product_id":"sanctuary-and-crime-in-the-middle-ages-400-1500-9780823232680","title":"Sanctuary and Crime in the Middle Ages, 400-1500","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSanctuary and Crime\u003c\/em\u003e rethinks the history of sanctuary protections in the Western legal tradition. Until the sixteenth century, every major medieval legal tradition afforded protections to fugitive criminals who took sanctuary in churches. Sanctuary-seeking criminals might have been required to perform penance or go into exile, but they were guaranteed, at least in principle, immunity from corporal and capital punishment. In the sixteenth century, sanctuary protections were abolished throughout Europe, uprooting an ancient tradition and raising a new set of juridical arguments about law, crime and the power to punish. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSanctuary law has not received very much scholarly attention. According to the prevailing explanation among earlier generations of legal historians, sanctuary was an impediment to effective criminal law and social control, but was made necessary by rampant violence and weak political order in the medieval world. Contrary to the conclusions of the relatively scant literature on the topic, \u003cem\u003eSanctuary and Crime\u003c\/em\u003e argues that the practice of sanctuary was not simply an instrumental device intended as a response to weak and splintered medieval political authority. Nor can sanctuary laws be explained as simple ameliorative responses to harsh medieval punishments and the specter of uncontrolled blood-feuds. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book seeks to integrate the history of sanctuary law with the history of criminal law in medieval Europe. It does so by first situating sanctuary law within the early Christian traditions of intercession and penance as well as late-imperial Roman law. The book then traces the transmission of Romano-Christian sanctuary legislation into the feuding traditions of early medieval Europe, showing how sanctuary law was an important emblem of Christian kingship and was integrated into a broad range of social, legal, ecclesiastical and political practices. By the late twelfth-century, sanctuary had been domesticated within the procedures of royal law in England. Unmoored from its taproots in penitential and intercessory practices, sanctuary became a central feature of the emergent law of felony in the early English common law. While sanctuary was widely recognized throughout late medieval Europe, medieval English records provide rich accounts of sanctuary in everyday medieval life and the book reflects the prominence of the English sources. The book concludes by examining the legal arguments in both English and Roman-canonical legal traditions that led to the restriction and abolition of sanctuary privileges in the sixteenth-century and which ushered in a new age of criminal law grounded in deterrence and a state-centered view of punishment and social control.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKarl Shoemaker\u003c\/strong\u003e is Associate Professor of History and Law at the University ofWisconsin-Madison.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Fordham University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328970035474,"sku":"9780823232680","price":86.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_3fb2ae9d-4a4f-4123-966a-4c5f307b6517.jpg?v=1727756029"},{"product_id":"st-josemaria-escriva-and-the-origins-of-opus-dei-the-day-the-bells-rang-out-9780852445815","title":"St Josemaria Escriva and the Origins of Opus Dei: The Day the Bells Rang Out","description":"This compelling biography, covering the early years of the life of St Josemaria Escriva, reads like a thriller. 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Founding Opus Dei in 1928, he was a major contributor to the rediscovery of the apostolate of the laity in the Church. Born in 1902 in the foothills of the Spanish Pyrenees, his inspiration has now spread throughout the world. St Josemaria was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 6 October 2002. William Keenan is a journalist, playwright and novelist. He writes a regular column for the Catholic Herald and is the author of three mystery novels and numerous plays for BBC radio. His plays include Margaret Clitherow, the heroic story of the Catholic martyr from York, a young wife and mother crushed to death for her faith in the reign of Elizabeth I and now one of the canonized Forty Martyrs of England and Wales; and Fatima, which recounts the apparitions of Our Lady to the shepherd children.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Gracewing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50330063077650,"sku":"9780852445815","price":23.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_0d41f09c-b2e7-42c9-abdd-540c02347f70.jpg?v=1727790200"},{"product_id":"black-diamonds-and-the-blue-brazil-new-edition-a-chronicle-of-coal-cowdenbeath-and-football-9780861538744","title":"Black Diamonds and the Blue Brazil New Edition: A Chronicle of Coal, Cowdenbeath and Football","description":"21 years after its publication, a new edition is being published with updated text and new chapters as well as a new Introduction, written by one of the book's many fans and the biggest name in British football, Sir Alex Ferguson. But this is a book about much, much more than football It is loved not only by Sir Alex but also by Gordon Brown, Alistair Campbell, Ian Rankin and the Rev Kathy Galloway and it was a huge favourite of poet, George Mackay Brown. So why have the trials and tribulations of Cowdenbeath football club - one of the most unsuccessful football clubs in Britain - excited the imagination even of those who have no interest in football and who have never been to Cowdenbeath? Cowdenbeath's story is set against the rise and decline of the local mining industry and the life after mining. It is very funny, deeply spiritual, moving and also a little bit political. But what makes it so interesting to so many groups is the uplifting story of a real community spirit throughout all of the ups and downs of a town and a football club that is at its social heart and core. It is also the most autobiographical book that Ron Ferguson has written, never taking himself very seriously. 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A former leader of the Iona Community, he was minister of St Magnus Cathedral, Orkney, for 11 years.","brand":"Saint Andrew Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50330093814034,"sku":"9780861538744","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_e8f69e76-d2a6-43da-b5c5-857dca93c0ae.jpg?v=1727791267"},{"product_id":"hitlers-priests-catholic-clergy-and-national-socialism-9780875807881","title":"Hitler's Priests: Catholic Clergy and National Socialism","description":"\u003cp\u003eShaken by military defeat and economic depression after War World I, Germans sought to restore their nation's dignity and power. In this context the National Socialist Party, with its promise of a revivified Germany, drew supporters. Among the most zealous were a number of Catholic clergymen known as \"brown priests\" who volunteered as Nazi propagandists. In this insightful study, Spicer unearths a dark subchapter in Roman Catholic history, introduces the principal clergymen who participated in the Nazi movement, examines their motives, details their advocacy of National Socialism, and explores the consequences of their political activism.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome brown priests, particularly war veterans, advocated National Socialism because it appealed to their patriotic ardor. Others had less laudatory motives: disaffection with clerical life, conflicts with Church superiors, or ambition for personal power and fame. Whatever their individual motives, they employed their skills as orators, writers, and teachers to proclaim the message of Nazism. Especially during the early 1930s, when the Church forbade membership in the party, these clergymen strove to prove that Catholicism was compatible with National Socialism, thereby justifying their support of Nazi ideology. Father Dr. Philipp Haeuser, a scholar and pastor, went so far as to promote antisemitism while deifying Adolf Hitler. The Führer's antisemitism, Spicer argues, did not deter clergymen such as Haeuser because, although the Church officially rejected the Nazis' extreme racism, Catholic teachings tolerated hostility toward Jews by blaming them for Christ's crucifixion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile a handful of brown priests enjoyed the forbearance of their bishops, others endured reprimand or even dismissal; a few found new vocations with the Third Reich. After the fall of the Reich, the most visible brown priests faced trial for their part in the crimes of National Socialism, a movement they had once so earnestly supported.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to this intriguing history about clergymen trying to reconcile faith and politics, Spicer provides a master list--verified by extensive research in Church and government archives--of Catholic clergy who publicly supported National Socialism.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eKevin P. Spicer, C.S.C., is the James J. 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At the same time, their spiritual devotion protected Spanish women from state retribution in their search for \"true Catholic womanhood.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTrue Catholic Womanhood\u003c\/i\u003e adds new insights into the gender dynamics of authoritarian states, providing a unique window through which to view the process of modernization and the transition toward democracy. 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The introduction analyzes the types, places, and recipients of the miracles and discusses the appearances of St. James himself in these stories. This volume also presents the chapter 17 of Book I, the Veneranda dies sermon. This is a contemporary description of the necessity, the ways and means, and the dangers of making the Compostela pilgrimage. The author's diatribes against the abuses common on the route give the twentieth-century reader a fascinating view of life on pilgrimage. 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Given the different location and the unique culture in which it developed, the Order of Santiago obeyed far different rules than the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller, emphasizing the importance of blood purity, nobility, and adherence to a strict system of patronage and independent wealth unheard of in other orders. \u003cbr\u003eHow such a system developed can be traced straight back to the Reconquista and the bad blood between Christians and Muslims during the High Middle Ages. In essence, the Order of Santiago stood out from other religious knighthoods of its time because of its lack of participation in the Crusades, the ethnic and religious tensions in Iberia, and the unique code of honor upheld by Iberian nobles. \u003cbr\u003eAlthough the Order of Santiago continues to exist in the present day, its heyday came during the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula, when the Christian kingdoms worked together to remove Islamic caliphates from power. 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