{"title":"Ancient European History Books","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"2225\" data-end=\"2399\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"2292\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2293\" data-end=\"2327\"\u003eAncient European History Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e – Explore the origins of European culture, politics, and philosophy.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"early-greece-9780006862499","title":"Early Greece","description":"Within the space of three centuries, up to the great Persian invasion of 480BC, Greece was transformed from a simple peasant society into a sophisticated civilization which dominated the shores of the Mediterranean from Spain to Syria and from the Crimea to Egypt - a culture whose achievements in the fields of art, science, philosophy and politics were to establish the canons of the Western world. 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Covering the whole span of the history of the empire, from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries AD, Shaun Tougher presents a comprehensive survey of the history and roles of eunuchs, making use of extensive comparative material, such as from China, Persia and the Ottoman Empire, as well as about castrato singers of the eighteenth century of Enlightenment Europe, and self-castrating religious devotees such as the Galli of ancient Rome, early Christians, the Skoptsy of Russia and the Hijras of India.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe various roles played by eunuchs are examined. They are not just found as servile attendants; some were powerful political players - such as Chrysaphius who plotted to assassinate Attila the Hun - and others were prominent figures in Orthodoxy as bishops and monks. Furthermore, there is offered an analysis of how society thought about eunuchs, especially their gender identity - were they perceived as men, women, or a third sex? \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe broad survey of the political and social position of eunuchs in the Byzantine Empire is placed in the context of the history of the eunuch in general. An appendix listing key eunuchs of the Byzantine Empire describing their careers is included, and the text is fully illustrated. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShaun Tougher is Senior Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Cardiff. He specialises in later Roman and Byzantine history. 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Williams focuses his study on its reception by European scholars, starting with its translation into Latin during the High Middle Ages and carrying the story through to the time when scholarly attention waned around 1550.\u003cbr\u003e An important medieval text that also provides a window onto medieval intellectual life, Secret of Secrets played a modest though significant role in medieval scholarly life: \"significant\" in that it was used in a variety of scholarly contexts, had some part to play in the scholarly controversies of the day, and was so often read that an impressive number of manuscripts are still extant today; \"modest\" in that it was cited much less frequently than the major works of its day.\u003cbr\u003e Steven J. Williams is Associate Professor in the Department of History, New Mexico Highlands University.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSteven J. Williams\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor in the Department of History, New Mexico Highlands University.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Michigan Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50324805419282,"sku":"9780472113088","price":109.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_02d90c25-c350-4743-8e74-c76bf7c2f29d.jpg?v=1727674440"},{"product_id":"origins-of-the-irish-9780500293300","title":"Origins of the Irish","description":"\u003cp\u003eAbout eighty million people today can trace their descent back to the occupants of Ireland. But where did the occupants of the island themselves come from and what do we even mean by \"Irish\" in the first place?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is the first major attempt to deal with the core issues of how the Irish came into being. J. P. Mallory emphasizes that the Irish did not have a single origin, but are a product of multiple influences that can only be tracked by employing the disciplines of archaeology, genetics, geology, linguistics, and mythology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeginning with the collision that fused the two halves of Ireland together, the book traces Ireland's long journey through space and time to become an island. The origins of its first farmers and their monumental impact on the island is followed by an exploration of how metallurgists in copper, bronze, and iron brought Ireland into increasingly wider orbits of European culture. Assessments of traditional explanations of Irish origins are combined with the very latest genetic research into the biological origins of the Irish.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eMallory, J. P.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eJ.P. Mallory\u003c\/strong\u003e is an Irish-American archaeologist, a world expert on ancient linguistics, and Emeritus Professor at Queen's University Belfast. He is the author of \u003cem\u003eIn Search of the Indo-Europeans\u003c\/em\u003e, and coauthor of \u003cem\u003eThe Tarim Mummies\u003c\/em\u003e. He lives in Belfast.","brand":"Thames \u0026 Hudson","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50324863648018,"sku":"9780500293300","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_a0c42346-6933-48f1-9911-eef674e2fddc.jpg?v=1727676845"},{"product_id":"failure-of-empire-valens-and-the-roman-state-in-the-fourth-century-a-d-volume-34","title":"Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. Volume 34","description":"\u003ci\u003eFailure of Empire \u003c\/i\u003eis the first comprehensive biography of the Roman emperor Valens and his troubled reign (a.d. 364-78). 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He is the author of several other books including Readings in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook.","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50325080506642,"sku":"9780521520713","price":51.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_e0478b5a-26ca-4a0d-b4de-25f78f9f770e.jpg?v=1727680395"},{"product_id":"the-italian-renaissance-9780618127382","title":"The Italian Renaissance","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eEntertaining and informative, this definitive overview of the Italian Renaissance will both captivate ordinary readers and challenge specialists\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDr. Plumb's impressive and provocative narrative is accompanied by contributions from leading historians, including Morris Bishop, J. 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They are, in addition to the editor, Clare Anderson, Susan Benson, James Bradley, Ian Duffield, Juliet Fleming, Alan Govenar, Harriet Guest, Mark Gustafson, C. P. Jones, Charles MacQuarrie, Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, Stephan Oettermann, Jennipher A. Rosecrans, and Abby Schrader.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eJane Caplan\u003c\/b\u003e is Marjorie Walter Goodhart Professor of European History at Bryn Mawr College. 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