{"title":"20th Century Middle Eastern History Books","description":"\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-68bedd6f-bdc4-832e-b02d-a7dc78f26b99-25\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-260\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"9e140bea-f852-4ce0-8380-ca7b0aa5ebeb\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-5\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1252\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1135\" data-end=\"1182\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1181\"\u003e20th Century Middle Eastern History Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e – Stories of wars, politics, and cultural shifts across the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"ambling-into-history-the-unlikely-odyssey-of-george-w-bush-9780060937829","title":"Ambling Into History: The Unlikely Odyssey of George W. 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From the author's initial introduction to Bush through a nutty election night and Bush's first months in office, Bruni captures the president's familiar and less familiar oddities and takes readers on an often funny, usually irreverent, journey into the strange, closed universe - or bubble - of campaign life.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The result is an original take on the political process and a detailed study of George W. Bush as most people have never seen him. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eBruni, Frank:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Frank Bruni, a reporter in the Washington bureau of the \u003cem\u003eNew York Times, \u003c\/em\u003e now writes full-time for the \u003cem\u003eTimes\u003c\/em\u003e Sunday magazine. For his previous work on other subjects, he was named a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for feature writing and a winner of the Polk Award for Metropolitan Reporting. He has appeared on ABC-TV's \u003cem\u003eNightline\u003c\/em\u003e and other programs to talk about the Bush campaign and presidency.","brand":"Harper Perennial","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50317852180754,"sku":"9780060937829","price":10.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_910e6c7c-3a7b-491d-b300-ce19d94f6200.jpg?v=1727541392"},{"product_id":"the-prince-the-secret-story-of-the-worlds-most-intriguing-royal-prince-bandar-bin-sultan-9780061189425","title":"The Prince: The Secret Story of the World's Most Intriguing Royal, Prince Bandar Bin Sultan","description":"\u003cp\u003eFor the last two and a half decades--through war, oil crises, and global terrorism--the United States and Saudi Arabia have had a very special relationship, thanks in no small part to one man: Prince Bandar bin Sultan. The illegitimate son of a Saudi prince and a servant girl, he used his vital behind-the-scenes influence to convince Gorbachev to withdraw the Soviet military from Afghanistan and helped President Reagan and CIA Director William Casey to win the Cold War with Saudi petrodollars. A Machiavellian manipulator, he negotiated an end to the Iran-Iraq war and played a key role in the Iran-Contra affair. George H. W. Bush took Bandar and his family fishing. Colin Powell would drop by to play racquetball.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this revealing biography, William Simpson pulls back the curtain on the fascinating and startling life of an extraordinary power-player who emerged as one of the driving forces behind American foreign policy throughout the 1980s and '90s. At a time when understanding our friends is as important as knowing our enemies, understanding Prince Bandar bin Sultan may well be the key to figuring out the Saudis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eSimpson, William:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - \u003cp\u003eWilliam Simpson was a classmate of Prince Bandar at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell, where they became friends through a mutual interest in fencing during the two and a half years of their officer training. Simpson founded and was CEO of an Internet company, and also worked with a Mayfair-based hedge fund as President of North American Operations. After his retirement from the world of financial services, Simpson undertook this biography with the cooperation of Prince Bandar. 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Yet despite millions of words of analysis and reflection, no historian has been able to explain why such decent, brilliant, and previously successful men stumbled so badly.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThat changes with \u003cem\u003eRoad to Disaster\u003c\/em\u003e. Historian Brian VanDeMark draws upon decades of archival research, his own interviews with many of those involved, and a wealth of previously unheard recordings by Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford, who served as Defense Secretaries for Kennedy and Johnson. Yet beyond that, \u003cem\u003eRoad to Disaster\u003c\/em\u003e is also the first history of the war to look at the cataclysmic decisions of those in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations through the prism of recent research in cognitive science, psychology, and organizational theory to explain why the \"Best and the Brightest\" became trapped in situations that suffocated creative thinking and willingness to dissent, why they found change so hard, and why they were so blind to their own errors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn epic history of America's march to quagmire, \u003cem\u003eRoad to Disaster\u003c\/em\u003e is a landmark in scholarship and a book of immense importance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eVandemark, Brian:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Brian VanDeMark teaches history at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, where for more than twenty-five years he has educated students about the Vietnam War. A Ph.D. graduate of UCLA and an elected visiting fellow at Oxford University, he served as research assistant on Clark Clifford's bestselling autobiography, \u003cem\u003eCounsel to the President, \u003c\/em\u003e and coauthor of Robert McNamara's number one bestseller, \u003cem\u003eIn Retrospect\u003c\/em\u003e. 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But when al-Badr unexpectedly turned up alive, Saudi Arabia and Britain offered support to the deposed Imam, drawing Yemen into an internationally-sponsored civil war. Throughout six years of major conflict, Yemen sat at the crossroads of regional and international conflict as dozens of countries, international organizations, and individuals intervened in the local South Arabian civil war. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eYemen was a showcase for a new era of UN and Red Cross peacekeeping, clandestine activity, Egyptian counterinsurgency, and one of the first largescale uses of poison gas since WWI. Events in Yemen were not dominated by a single power, nor were they sole products of US-Soviet or Saudi-Egyptian Arab Cold War rivalry. Britain, Canada, Israel, the UN, the US, and the USSR joined Egypt and Saudi Arabia in assuming varying roles in fighting, mediating, and supplying the belligerent forces. 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It was the inter-Arab struggle between monarchies and republics over power and legitimacy. Egypt's defeat in the \"Arab Cold War\" set the stage for the rise of Saudi Arabia and political Islam. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Bold and provocative, \u003ci\u003eNasser's Gamble\u003c\/i\u003e brings to life a critical phase in the modern history of the Middle East. 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Providing the richest description and critique of all the forces involved--including those that fought on the enemy side--the combined book-and-DVD surpasses all previous accounts of this landmark engagement and is an essential volume in the literature on our war in Afghanistan.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University Press of Kansas","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327529193746,"sku":"9780700618019","price":65.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_074c7b48-f255-41b2-ab53-eddbe39dfade.jpg?v=1727716327"},{"product_id":"zionism-and-its-discontents-a-century-of-radical-dissent-in-israel-palestine","title":"Zionism and its Discontents: A Century of Radical Dissent in Israel\/Palestine","description":"Mainstream nationalist narratives and political movements have dominated the Israeli-Palestinian situation for too long. In this much-needed book, Ran Greenstein challenges this hegemony by focusing on four different, but at the same time connected, attempts which stood up to Zionist dominance and the settlement project before and after 1948. Greenstein begins by addressing the role of the Palestinian Communist Party, and then the bi-nationalist movement, before moving on to the period after 1948 when Palestinian attempts to challenge their unjust conditions of marginalisation became more frequent. Finally, he confronts the radical anti-Zionist Matzpen group, which operated from the early 1960s-80s. In addition to analyses of the shifting positions of these movements, Greenstein examines perspectives regarding a set of conceptual issues: colonialism and settlement, race\/ethnicity and class, and questions of identity, rights and power, and how, such as in the case of South Africa, these relations should be seen as global.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRan Greenstein\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. He studied at the University of Haifa and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 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In those years, Americans and Arabs came to know each other as never before. With Western Europe's imperial legacy fading in the Middle East, American commerce and investment spread throughout the Arab world. The United States strengthened its strategic ties to some Arab states, even as it drew closer to Israel. Maneuvering Moscow to the sidelines, Washington placed itself at the center of Arab-Israeli diplomacy. Meanwhile, the rise of international terrorism, the Arab oil embargo and related increases in the price of oil, and expanding immigration from the Middle East forced Americans to pay closer attention to the Arab world.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYaqub combines insights from diplomatic, political, cultural, and immigration history to chronicle the activities of a wide array of American and Arab actors--political leaders, diplomats, warriors, activists, scholars, businesspeople, novelists, and others. He shows that growing interdependence raised hopes for a broad political accommodation between the two societies. Yet a series of disruptions in the second half of the decade thwarted such prospects. Arabs recoiled from a U.S.-brokered peace process that fortified Israel's occupation of Arab land. Americans grew increasingly resentful of Arab oil pressures, attitudes dovetailing with broader anti-Muslim sentiments aroused by the Iranian hostage crisis. At the same time, elements of the U.S. intelligentsia became more respectful of Arab perspectives as a newly assertive Arab American community emerged into political life. These patterns left a contradictory legacy of estrangement and accommodation that continued in later decades and remains with us today.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eSalim Yaqub is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 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Since the British Mandate, Iraqi governments had invested in cultivating Iraq's medical doctors as agents of statecraft and fostered connections to scientists abroad. In recent years, this has been reversed as thousands of Iraqi doctors have left the country in search of security and careers abroad. \u003ci\u003eUngovernable Life\u003c\/i\u003e presents the untold story of the rise and fall of Iraqi \"mandatory medicine\"--and of the destruction of Iraq itself.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrained as a doctor in Baghdad, Omar Dewachi writes a medical history of Iraq, offering readers a compelling exploration of state-making and dissolution in the Middle East. His work illustrates how imperial modes of governance, from the British Mandate to the U.S. interventions, have been contested, maintained, and unraveled through medicine and healthcare. 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Drawing on extensive archival research, Zachary Lockman shows how the Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford foundations played key roles in conceiving, funding, and launching postwar area studies, expecting them to yield a new kind of interdisciplinary knowledge that would advance the social sciences while benefiting government agencies and the American people. Lockman argues, however, that these new academic fields were not simply a product of the Cold War or an instrument of the American national security state, but had roots in shifts in the humanities and the social sciences over the interwar years, as well as in World War II sites and practices. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book explores the decision-making processes and visions of knowledge production at the foundations, the Social Science Research Council, and others charged with guiding the intellectual and institutional development of Middle East studies. 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Born in the 1880s during a time of rapid modernization across the Ottoman Empire, Mithqal led his tribe through World War I, the development and decline of colonial rule and founding of Jordan, the establishment of the state of Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict that ensued, and the rise of pan-Arabism. As Mithqal navigated regional politics over the decades, he redefined the modern role of the shaykh. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn following Mithqal's remarkable life, this book explores tribal leadership in the modern Middle East more generally. The support of Mithqal's tribe to the Jordanian Hashemite regime extends back to the creation of Jordan in 1921 and has characterized its political system ever since. The long-standing alliances between tribal elites and the royal family explain, to a large extent, the extraordinary resilience of Hashemite rule in Jordan and the country's relative stability. 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He is author of \u003ci\u003eMalevolent Neutrality: The United States, Great Britain, and the Origins of the Spanish Civil War\u003c\/i\u003e.","brand":"University of North Carolina Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328640028946,"sku":"9780807858981","price":47.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_f78be17a-79fc-459d-8f1f-3bdc98231de2.jpg?v=1727746337"},{"product_id":"beyond-fundamentalism-confronting-religious-extremism-in-the-age-of-globalization-9780812978308","title":"Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in the Age of Globalization","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"A very persuasive argument for the best way to counter jihadism\" (\u003ci\u003eThe Washington Post\u003c\/i\u003e) from the bestselling author of \u003ci\u003eZealot\u003c\/i\u003e and host of \u003ci\u003eBeliever\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe wars in the Middle East have become religious wars in which God is believed to be directly engaged on behalf of one side against the other. The hijackers who attacked America on September 11, 2001, thought they were fighting in the name of God. According to award-winning writer and scholar of religions Reza Aslan, the United States, by infusing the War on Terror with its own religiously polarizing rhetoric, is fighting a similar war--a war that can't be won. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeyond Fundamentalism\u003c\/i\u003e is both an in-depth study of the ideology fueling militants throughout the Muslim world and an exploration of religious violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. At a time when religion and politics increasingly share the same vocabulary and function in the same sphere, Aslan writes that we must strip the conflicts of our world of their religious connotations and address the earthly grievances that always lie at its root. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eHow do you win a religious war? By refusing to fight in one. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeaturing new content and updated analysis - Originally published as \u003ci\u003eHow to Win a Cosmic War\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \" A] thoughtful analysis of America's War on Terror.\" \u003cb\u003e--\u003ci\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"Offers a very persuasive argument for the best way to counter jihadism.\"\u003cb\u003e--\u003ci\u003eThe Washington Post\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \" Reza] Aslan dissects a complex subject (terrorism and globalization) and distills it with a mix of narrative writing, personal anecdotes, reportage and historical analysis.\"\u003cb\u003e--\u003ci\u003eSan Francisco Chronicle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \"Aslan is not only a perspicuous, thoughtful interpreter of the Muslim world but also a subtle psychologist of the call to jihad.\"\u003cb\u003e--\u003ci\u003eLos Angeles Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \" A] meaty analysis of the rise of Jihadism . . . dispels common misconceptions of the War on Terror age.\"\u003cb\u003e--\u003ci\u003eSan Jose Mercury News\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \"It is Aslan's great gift to see things clearly, and to say them clearly, and in this important new work he offers us a way forward. He is prescriptive and passionate, and his book will make you think.\"\u003cb\u003e--Jon Meacham, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of \u003ci\u003eAmerican Lion\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReza Aslan\u003c\/b\u003e is an acclaimed writer and scholar of religions whose books include \u003ci\u003eNo god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eZealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth\u003c\/i\u003e. He is also the author of \u003ci\u003eHow to Win a Cosmic War: God, Globalization, and the End of the War on Terror\u003c\/i\u003e (published in paperback as \u003ci\u003eBeyond Fundamentalism\u003c\/i\u003e), as well as the editor of \u003ci\u003eTablet \u0026amp; Pen: Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East\u003c\/i\u003e. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife and three sons.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Random House Trade","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328686592274,"sku":"9780812978308","price":15.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_e4eca690-962e-4f5a-8f75-ce26c8032b63.jpg?v=1727748700"},{"product_id":"a-child-from-the-village-9780815608059","title":"A Child from the Village","description":"\u003cp\u003eWell known throughout the Islamic world as the foundational thinker for a significant portion of the contemporary Muslim intelligentsia, Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and was jailed by Gamal Abdul Nasser's government in 1954. He became one of the most uncompromising voices of the movement we now call Islamism and is perhaps best known for his book, \u003ci\u003eMa lam fi al-tariq\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003e A Child from the Village\u003c\/i\u003e was written just prior to Qutb's conversion to the Islamist cause and reflects his concerns for social justice. Interst in Qutb's writing has increased in the West since Islamism has emerged as a power on the world scene. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn this memoir, Qutb recalls his childhood in the village of Musha in Upper Egypt. He chronicles the period between 1912 and 1918, a time immensely influential in the creation of modern Egypt. Written with much tenderness toward childhood memories, it has become a classic in modern Arabic autobiography. Qutb offers a clear picture of Egyptian village life in the early twentieth century, its customs and lore, educational system, religious festivals, relations with the central government, and the struggle to modernize and retain its identity. Translators John Calvert and William Shepard capture the beauty and intensity of Qutb's prose.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJohn Calvert\u003c\/b\u003e is professor of history at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. He is the\u003cbr\u003eauthor of numerous books, including \u003ci\u003eSayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWilliam Shepard\u003c\/b\u003e was professor emeritus of religious studies at the University of Canterbury\u003cbr\u003ein Christchurch, New Zealand. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eThe Faith of a Modern Muslim Intellectual\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Religious Aspects and Implications of the Writings of Ahmad Amin and Sayyid Qutb\u003c\/i\u003e and\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIslamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of \"Social Justice in Islam.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Syracuse University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328840241426,"sku":"9780815608059","price":16.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_acb7c812-d564-4917-b98f-374e98c7720c.jpg?v=1727752922"},{"product_id":"an-uneasy-relationship-american-jewish-leadership-and-israel-1948-1957-9780815630517","title":"An Uneasy Relationship: American Jewish Leadership and Israel, 1948-1957","description":"\u003cp\u003eSet in the first decade of modern Israel's existence, this volume offers an insightful look at the changing relationship of American Jews and the reborn Jewish nation\/state. 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He will need to take account of the important lessons from past attempts, which are described and analyzed here in a gripping book by a renowned expert who served twice as U.S. ambassador to Israel and as Middle East adviser to President Clinton. \u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Martin Indyk draws on his many years of intense involvement in the region to provide the inside story of the last time the United States employed sustained diplomacy to end the Arab-Israeli conflict and change the behavior of rogue regimes in Iraq and Iran. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ci\u003eInnocent Abroad\u003c\/i\u003e is an insightful history and a poignant memoir. Indyk provides a fascinating examination of the ironic consequences when American naïveté meets Middle Eastern cynicism in the region's political bazaars. He dissects the very different strategies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush to explain why they both faced such difficulties remaking the Middle East in their images of a more peaceful or democratic place. He provides new details of the breakdown of the Arab-Israeli peace talks at Camp David, of the CIA's failure to overthrow Saddam Hussein, and of Clinton's attempts to negotiate with Iran's president. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Indyk takes us inside the Oval Office, the Situation Room, the palaces of Arab potentates, and the offices of Israeli prime ministers. He draws intimate portraits of the American, Israeli, and Arab leaders he worked with, including Israel's Yitzhak Rabin, Ehud Barak, and Ariel Sharon; the PLO's Yasser Arafat; Egypt's Hosni Mubarak; and Syria's Hafez al-Asad. He describes in vivid detail high-level meetings, demonstrating how difficult it is for American presidents to understand the motives and intentions of Middle Eastern leaders and how easy it is for them to miss those rare moments when these leaders are willing to act in ways that can produce breakthroughs to peace. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ci\u003eInnocent Abroad\u003c\/i\u003e is an extraordinarily candid and enthralling account, crucially important in grasping the obstacles that have confounded the efforts of recent presidents. As a new administration takes power, this experienced diplomat distills the lessons of past failures to chart a new way forward that will be required reading.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndyk, Martin:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Martin Indyk is the Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at The Brookings Institution. Born in England and educated in Australia, he migrated to the United States in 1982. As President Bill Clinton's Middle East advisor on the National Security Council, as Assistant Secretary for Near East Affairs in the State Department, and as one of America's leading diplomats, he has helped develop Middle East policy in Washington's highest offices, as well as implement it on the region's front lines. In March 1995, Clinton dispatched Indyk to Israel as U.S. amabassador to work with Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on the peace process. He returned to Israel as ambassador in March 2000 to work with Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat on a renewed effort to achieve comprehensive peace. He also served there for the first six months of George W. 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Eisenhower used economic threats to force his British, French, and Israeli allies to withdraw from Egypt and put U.S. military forces on alert to deter Soviet intervention in the Middle East. Current U.S. policy in the region dates to the Suez crisis, when we replaced Great Britain as the guarantor of stability.Acclaimed Eisenhower expert David Nichols masterfully weaves great personal drama--Eisenhower's two life-threatening illnesses--with simultaneous world crises (America's closest allies invade Egypt while the Soviets invade Hungary) and the final days of the 1956 presidential election campaign into a white-knuckle read.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDavid A. 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This book situates the evolution of citizenship at the centre of state formation under the quasi-colonial mandate administration in Palestine. It emphasises the ways in which British officials crafted citizenship to be separate from nationality based on prior colonial legislation elsewhere, a view of the territory as divided communally, and the need to offer Jewish immigrants the easiest path to acquisition of Palestinian citizenship in order to uphold the mandate's policy. In parallel, the book examines the reactions of the Arab population to their new status. It argues that the Arabs relied heavily on their pre-war experience as nationals of the Ottoman Empire to negotiate the definitions and meanings of mandate citizenship.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLauren Banko\u003c\/strong\u003e is a Research Associate in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Manchester.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Edinburgh University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50337913569554,"sku":"9781474432146","price":42.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_83f360fb-1cfd-4af3-9a1d-b2dc618c63e1.jpg?v=1727972397"},{"product_id":"the-movement-and-the-middle-east-how-the-arab-israeli-conflict-divided-the-american-left-9781503611061","title":"The Movement and the Middle East: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Divided the American Left","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arab-Israeli conflict constituted a serious problem for the American Left in the 1960s: pro-Palestinian activists hailed the Palestinian struggle against Israel as part of a fundamental restructuring of the global imperialist order, while pro-Israeli leftists held a less revolutionary worldview that understood Israel as a paragon of democratic socialist virtue. This intra-left debate was in part doctrinal, in part generational. But further woven into this split were sometimes agonizing questions of identity. Jews were disproportionately well-represented in the Movement, and their personal and communal lives could deeply affect their stances vis-?-vis the Middle East.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Movement and the Middle East\u003c\/i\u003e offers the first assessment of the controversial and ultimately debilitating role of the Arab-Israeli conflict among left-wing activists during a turbulent period of American history. Michael R. Fischbach draws on a deep well of original sources-from personal interviews to declassified FBI and CIA documents-to present a story of the left-wing responses to the question of Palestine and Israel. He shows how, as the 1970s wore on, the cleavages emerging within the American Left widened, weakening the Movement and leaving a lasting impact that still affects progressive American politics today.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMichael R. Fischbach\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of History at Randolph-Macon College. 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She finds that far from being predominately characterised by a detachment from the local surroundings, the Masonic lodges were often attempting to adapt the ideological framework of freemasonry to suit the Ottoman community, whilst still being part of a wider Masonic culture. Unlike lodges in Egypt working under the United Grand Lodge of England, foreigners were almost not represented amongst the lodges in Ottoman Syria, which made these Syrian lodges more attuned to local sensibilities. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eFreemasonry in the Ottoman Empire analyses the social and cultural structures of the Masonic network of lodges and their interconnections at a pivotal juncture in the history of the Ottoman Empire, making it invaluable for researchers of the history of the Middle East.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDorothe Sommer holds a PhD in History from The University of Leiden. 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Israel now found itself in possession of territories that were the home of over a million Arabs. Of these territories, Israel officially annexed only East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, leaving the inhabitants of the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, and Gaza Strip in limbo regarding citizenship status. \u003cbr\u003e Despite attempts to create peace, the Arab nations refused to recognize Israel, and Israel refused to withdraw from any of the land it captured in 1967. After conquering the territories, Israel began encouraging Jewish settlement in the new territories. In the 1970s, more than 10,000 Jews moved into the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, and the Sinai Peninsula, a figure that grew to over 100,000 by the early '80s and is now over 500,000 today. Some in Israel note that Jewish settlements in 1967 had simply reestablished Jewish communities in places they had lived prior to 1948, including Jerusalem, Hebron, and Gush Etzion, as well as Gaza City in the Gaza Strip. They also argue that the legal status of the territories was never officially determined due to the Palestinian rejection of the U.N. Partition Plan. Still others assert that Israel's settlements do not breach international law or the Geneva Convention because it fought the Six Day War in self-defense and did not forcibly transfer civilian populations onto occupied territories. 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As Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda attacked American targets throughout the 1990s, and most notably on 9\/11, the terrorist leader pointed to the stationing of American troops in Saudi Arabia in response to Saddam's invasion of Kuwait. Bin Laden was livid, not just because foreign boots were stampeding on what is popularly considered the holiest land in Islam but also because he had wanted to help defend the Saudi kingdom with his own group. By lashing out, bin Laden was caught up in the Saudi government's crackdown on dissidents and was ultimately forced into exile. Bin Laden took refuge in Sudan in 1992, and later in Afghanistan in 1996. \u003cbr\u003e Of course, the Gulf War also played a role in the more controversial invasion of Iraq, which began in 2003 and was again led by the United States. 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