{"title":"20th Century European History Books","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1166\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1099\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1098\"\u003e20th Century European History Books\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e – A century of conflict, recovery, and innovation across Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"daughters-of-britannia-the-lives-and-times-of-diplomatic-wives-9780006387800","title":"Daughters of Britannia: The Lives and Times of Diplomatic Wives","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn authoritative and entertaining account by one of our most talented writers of the courageous and unusual women who have been the backbone of the British Empire and foreign service.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e'English ambassadresses are usually on the dotty side and leaving their embassies drives them completely off their rockers' - Nancy Mitford\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the first exploratory expeditions into foreign lands, through the heyday of the British Empire and still today, the foreign service has been shaped and run behind the scenes by the wives of ambassadors and minor civil servants. 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He focuses on several crucial periods of transition: the Italian unification of 1860 to 1861, the murder of noted politician Notarbartolo, fascist repression of the Mafia, the Allied invasion of 1943, social conflicts after each world war, and the major murders and trials of the 1980s. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eLupo identifies the internal cultural codes that define the Mafia and places these codes within the context of social groups and communities. He also challenges the belief that the Mafia has grown more ruthless in recent decades. Rather than representing a shift from \"honorable\" crime to immoral drug trafficking and violence, Lupo argues the terroristic activities of the modern Mafia signify a new desire for visibility and a distinct break from the state. 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War historian Glyn Harper dives into the story, vividly narrating the events, strategies, and personalities surrounding the battles and paying particular attention to the Second Battle of El Alamein, a crucial turning point in the war that would be described by Winston Churchill as \"the end of the beginning.\" Moving beyond a simple narrative of the conflict, \u003ci\u003eThe Battle for North Africa\u003c\/i\u003e tackles critical themes, such as the problems of coalition warfare, the use of military intelligence, the role of celebrity generals, and the importance of an all-arms approach to modern warfare.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlyn Harper is author of many books, including \u003ci\u003eActs of Valour\u003c\/i\u003e (with Colin Richardson), \u003ci\u003eJohnny Enzed, \u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eImages of War\u003c\/i\u003e. 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Mathews convey the ideas of a brilliant generation that, in spite of difficulty and demoralization, audaciously shaped a modern Ireland. Divided into sixteen sections covering issues as diverse as literature, religion, drama, education, women's rights, and the 1916 Rising, this is the ultimate reference book for anyone with an interest in Irish literature and history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeclan Kiberd is the Donald and Marilyn Keough Professor of Irish Studies and professor of English and Irish language and literature at the University of Notre Dame.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eP. J. 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The essays in this volume, by leading experts in the fields of Irish and British history, politics, and international studies, explore the ways in which competing \"social\" or \"collective memories\" of the Northern Ireland \"Troubles\" continue to shape the post-conflict political landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe contributors to this volume embrace a diversity of perspectives: the Provisional Republican version of events, as well as that of its Official Republican rival; Loyalist understandings of the recent past as well as the British Army's authorized for-the-record account; the importance of commemoration and memorialization to Irish Republican culture; and the individual memory of one of the noncombatants swept up in the conflict. Tightly specific, sharply focused, and rich in local detail, these essays make a significant contribution to the burgeoning literature of history and memory. 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United States troops on Wake Island were battling a Japanese landing force and, in the Philippines, losing the fight to save Luzon. In Japan, the Pearl Harbor strike force returned to Hiroshima Bay and toasted its sweeping success. Across the Atlantic, much of Europe was frozen in grim Nazi occupation. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Just three days before Christmas, Churchill surprised Roosevelt with an unprecedented trip to Washington, where they jointly lit the White House Christmas tree. 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He lives in Newark, Delaware.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Da Capo Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50319004336402,"sku":"9780306821530","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_bf02a800-f078-4c6e-998f-bc7e48cbd0bc.jpg?v=1727563519"},{"product_id":"curzon-imperial-statesman-9780374530242","title":"Curzon: Imperial Statesman","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"Elegant biography . . . a fast-moving, entertaining, and finely written story.\" --Simon Schama, \u003ci\u003e The New Yorker\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge Nathaniel Curzon's controversial life in public service stretched from the high noon of his country's empire to the traumatized years following World War I. As viceroy of India under Queen Victoria and foreign secretary under King George V, the obsessive Lord Curzon left his unmistakable mark on the era. 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By delving deeply into a detailed history of the theory, strategy, myths, and realities of Germany's technologically innovative approach to warfare, Showalter provides a look at the military lessons of the past, and a speculation on how the Panzer ethos may be implemented in the future of international conflict.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDennis Showalter\u003c\/b\u003e was a professor of history at Colorado College, president of the Society for Military history, and joint editor of the publication, \u003ci\u003eWar in History\u003c\/i\u003e, specializing in comparative military history. His works include \u003ci\u003eInstrument of War: The German Army 1914-1918, Patton and Rommel: Men of War in the Twentieth Century, If the Allies Had Fallen: Sixty Alternate Scenarios of World War II, \u003c\/i\u003eand many other titles related to modern warfare. 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For the first time, Buckingham Place opened its doors and those closest to the queen provided compelling new information into Elizabeth's life and reign. New sources include the unpublished diaries of Jock Colville, public secretary to both Churchill and Elizabeth, as well as interviews with Princess Margaret, Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Runcie, and longtime private secretary Lord Charteris.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBEN PIMLOTT\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Politics and Contemporary History at Birkbeck College, University of London, and the youngest fellow of the British Academy. His books include Harold Wilson and Hugh Dalton, winner of the Whitbread Prize. 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In \u003ci\u003eSoccer Empire\u003c\/i\u003e, Laurent Dubois illuminates the connections between empire and sport by tracing the story of World Cup soccer, from the Cup's French origins in the 1930s to Africa and the Caribbean and back again. As he vividly recounts the lives of two of soccer's most electrifying players, Zidane and his outspoken teammate, Lilian Thuram, Dubois deepens our understanding of the legacies of empire that persist in Europe and brilliantly captures the power of soccer to change the nation and the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLaurent Dubois\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of French and History at Duke University. 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Berman looks at the history of social democracy from its origins in the late nineteenth century to today and shows how it beat out competitors such as classical liberalism, orthodox Marxism, and its cousins, Fascism and National Socialism by solving the central challenge of modern politics - reconciling the competing needs of capitalism and democracy. Bursting on to the scene in the interwar years, the social democratic model spread across Europe after the Second World War and formed the basis of the postwar settlement. This is a study of European social democracy that rewrites the intellectual and political history of the modern era while putting contemporary debates about globalization in their proper intellectual and historical context.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eBerman, Sheri:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Sheri Berman is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. She was previously Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. She has held visiting positions at Göteborg University, Sweden and the Remarque Institute and the Center for European Studies at New York University. She has also been a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. She is the author of The Social Democratic Moment (1997). 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This first ever biography of Churchill's headmaster pulls these myths apart. Churchill emerges as an intelligent and inspiring Narcissist who took Britain into a needless war, bankrupted it, lost its Empire and set off a process culminating in traditional British freedoms being lost and the country being Balkanized.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChurchill's headmaster fought for the traditional Britain which Churchill's war was central to destroying. And as this book painstakingly documents, almost everything we think we know about Churchill's prep school headmaster is wrong. \u003cstrong\u003eHerbert Sneyd-Kynnersley \u003c\/strong\u003ewas \u003cem\u003eless\u003c\/em\u003e sadistic and severe than many headmasters. His arrested development made him \u003cem\u003eno different \u003c\/em\u003efrom a large minority of such men. His beatings\u003cem\u003e did\u003c\/em\u003e not exceed anything at Eton or at reform schools. 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The term burst forth in public discourse in the spring of 1992 as a way to describe Serbian attacks on the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina, but as this landmark book attests, ethnic cleansing is neither new nor likely to cease in our time. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eNorman Naimark, distinguished historian of Europe and Russia, provides an insightful history of ethnic cleansing and its relationship to genocide and population transfer. Focusing on five specific cases, he exposes the myths about ethnic cleansing, in particular the commonly held belief that the practice stems from ancient hatreds. Naimark shows that this face of genocide had its roots in the European nationalism of the late nineteenth century but found its most virulent expression in the twentieth century as modern states and societies began to organize themselves by ethnic criteria. The most obvious example, and one of Naimark's cases, is the Nazi attack on the Jews that culminated in the Holocaust. Naimark also discusses the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the expulsion of Greeks from Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War of 1921-22; the Soviet forced deportation of the Chechens-Ingush and the Crimean Tatars in 1944; the Polish and Czechoslovak expulsion of the Germans in 1944-47; and Bosnia and Kosovo. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn this harrowing history, Naimark reveals how over and over, as racism and religious hatreds picked up an ethnic name tag, war provided a cover for violence and mayhem, an evil tapestry behind which nations acted with impunity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eNaimark, Norman M.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Norman M. 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He is Professor of History and Robert and Florence McDonnell Professor in East European Studies at Stanford University and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and has twice won the Stanford University Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50326848110866,"sku":"9780674009943","price":37.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_54d1152b-b91b-4f78-b929-69796f5f4aee.jpg?v=1727706135"},{"product_id":"hitler-youth-9780674019911","title":"Hitler Youth","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn modern times, the recruitment of children into a political organization and ideology reached its boldest embodiment in the Hitler Youth, founded in 1933 soon after the Nazi Party assumed power in Germany. 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A few resisted for personal or political reasons, but the overwhelming majority enlisted. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDrawing on original reports, letters, diaries, and memoirs, Kater traces the history of the Hitler Youth, examining the means, degree, and impact of conversion, and the subsequent fate of young recruits. Millions of Hitler Youth joined the armed forces; thousands gleefully participated in the subjugation of foreign peoples and the obliteration of \"racial aliens.\" Although young, they committed crimes against humanity for which they cannot escape judgment. Their story stands as a harsh reminder of the moral bankruptcy of regimes that make children complicit in crimes of the state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eKater, Michael H.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Michael H. Kater is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus of History at York University, Toronto.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50326866854162,"sku":"9780674019911","price":35.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_0863e305-0148-41f8-856c-d17a7fbfc54b.jpg?v=1727706306"},{"product_id":"irresistible-empire-americas-advance-through-twentieth-century-europe-9780674022348","title":"Irresistible Empire: America's Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe most significant conquest of the twentieth century may well have been the triumph of American consumer society over Europe's bourgeois civilization. It is this little-understood but world-shaking campaign that unfolds in \u003ci\u003eIrresistible Empire\u003c\/i\u003e, Victoria de Grazia's brilliant account of how the American standard of living defeated the European way of life and achieved the global cultural hegemony that is both its great strength and its key weakness today. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDe Grazia describes how, as America's market empire advanced with confidence through Europe, spreading consumer-oriented capitalism, all alternative strategies fell before it--first the bourgeois lifestyle, then the Third Reich's command consumption, and finally the grand experiment of Soviet-style socialist planning. 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Engel is Associate Professor of History and Director of Presidential History Projects at Southern Methodist University.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50326873473298,"sku":"9780674024618","price":46.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_f89e335f-85d8-4a9c-8383-3801ba7a682c.jpg?v=1727706400"},{"product_id":"twice-a-stranger-the-mass-expulsions-that-forged-modern-greece-and-turkey-9780674032224","title":"Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions That Forged Modern Greece and Turkey","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, nearly two million citizens in Turkey and Greece were expelled from homelands. The Lausanne treaty resulted in the deportation of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece to Turkey. The transfer was hailed as a solution to the problem of minorities who could not coexist. Both governments saw the exchange as a chance to create societies of a single culture. The opinions and feelings of those uprooted from their native soil were never solicited. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn an evocative book, Bruce Clark draws on new archival research in Turkey and Greece as well as interviews with surviving participants to examine this unprecedented exercise in ethnic engineering. He examines how the exchange was negotiated and how people on both sides came to terms with new lands and identities. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003ePolitically, the population exchange achieved its planners' goals, but the enormous human suffering left shattered legacies. It colored relations between Turkey and Greece, and has been invoked as a solution by advocates of ethnic separation from the Balkans to South Asia to the Middle East. 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The story encompasses the political transition to independence, Catholic contributions to black intellectual currents, and efforts to alter the church hierarchy to create an authentically \"African\" church. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eElizabeth Foster recreates a Franco-African world forged by conquest, colonization, missions, and conversions--one that still exists today. We meet missionaries in Africa and their superiors in France, African Catholic students abroad destined to become leaders in their home countries, African Catholic intellectuals and young clergymen, along with French and African lay activists. All of these men and women were preoccupied with the future of France's colonies, the place of Catholicism in a postcolonial Africa, and the struggle over their personal loyalties to the Vatican, France, and the new African states. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eHaving served as the nuncio to France and the Vatican's liaison to UNESCO in the 1950s, Pope John XXIII understood as few others did the central questions that arose in the postwar Franco-African Catholic world. Was the church truly universal? Was Catholicism a conservative pillar of order or a force to liberate subjugated and exploited peoples? Could the church change with the times? He was thinking of Africa on the eve of Vatican II, declaring in a radio address shortly before the council opened, \"Vis-à-vis the underdeveloped countries, the church presents itself as it is and as it wants to be: the church of all.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eFoster, Elizabeth A.:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - Elizabeth A. Foster is the author of \u003ci\u003eFaith in Empire: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Rule in French Senegal, 1880-1940\u003c\/i\u003e, which won the Alf Andrew Heggoy Book Prize from the French Colonial Historical Society. An Associate Professor of History at Tufts University, she has been a Visiting Scholar at Harvard's Center for European Studies and has received Fulbright, ACLS, and NEH Fellowships.","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327005135122,"sku":"9780674987661","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_73de1136-0788-4196-b1f0-ef5bbae4fc4c.jpg?v=1727708172"},{"product_id":"uprooted-how-breslau-became-wroclaw-during-the-century-of-expulsions-9780691152912","title":"Uprooted: How Breslau Became Wroclaw During the Century of Expulsions","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow a German city became Polish after World War II\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eWith the stroke of a pen at the Potsdam Conference following the Allied victory in 1945, Breslau, the largest German city east of Berlin, became the Polish city of Wroclaw. 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With odds like that, it would be no surprise if there were as few atheists in cockpits as there were in foxholes; and indeed, many airmen faced their dangerous missions with beliefs and rituals ranging from the traditional to the outlandish. Military historian S. P. MacKenzie considers this phenomenon in \u003ci\u003eFlying against Fate\u003c\/i\u003e, a pioneering study of the important role that superstition played in combat flier morale among the Allies in World War II. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eMining a wealth of documents as well as a trove of published and unpublished memoirs and diaries, MacKenzie examines the myriad forms combat fliers' superstitions assumed, from jinxes to premonitions. Most commonly, airmen carried amulets or talismans--lucky boots or a stuffed toy; a coin whose year numbers added up to thirteen; counterintuitively, a boomerang. Some performed rituals or avoided other acts, e.g., having a photo taken before a flight. Whatever seemed to work was worth sticking with, and a heightened risk often meant an upsurge in superstitious thought and behavior. MacKenzie delves into behavior analysis studies to help explain the psychology behind much of the behavior he documents--not slighting the large cohort of crew members and commanders who demurred. He also looks into the ways in which superstitious behavior was tolerated or even encouraged by those in command who saw it as a means of buttressing morale. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe first in-depth exploration of just how varied and deeply felt superstitious beliefs were to tens of thousands of combat fliers, \u003ci\u003eFlying against Fate\u003c\/i\u003e expands our understanding of a major aspect of the psychology of war in the air and of World War II.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eS. P. MacKenzie:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - S. P. MacKenzie is Caroline McKissick Dial Professor of History at the University of South Carolina. 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Pope Pius XII has been attacked as \"Hitler's Pope,\" an anti-Semitic enabler who refused to condemn Nazism, much less urge Catholics to resist the German regime. The Church has been accused of standing by while the Nazis steadily revealed their evil designs. Yet all such arguments have been based only on sketchy evidence. The Vatican has kept its internal workings secret and locked away from scrutiny. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eUntil now. In February 2003, the Vatican opened its archives for the crucial years of the Nazi consolidation of power, up until 1939. Peter Godman, thanks to his long experience in Vatican sources and his reputation as an impartial, non-Catholic historian of the Church, was one of the first scholars to explore the new documents. The story they tell is revelatory and surprising and forces a major revision of the history of the 1930s. It is a story that reveals the innermost workings of the Vatican, an institution far more fractured than monolithic, one that allowed legalism to trump moral outrage. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eGodman's narrative is doubly shocking: At first, the Church planned to condemn Nazism as heretical, and drafted several variations of its charges in the mid-1930s. However, as Mussolini drew close to Hitler, and Pope Pius XI grew more concerned about communism than fascism, the charge was reduced to a denunciation only of bolshevism. The Church abandoned its moral attack on the Nazis and retreated to diplomacy, complaining about treaty violations and delivering weak protests while the horrors of religious persecution mounted. As Godman demonstrates, the policies of Pius XII were all determined by his predecessor, Pius XI. The Church was misled not so much by \"Hitler's Pope\" as by a tragic miscalculation and a special relationship with the Italian government. Mussolini toyed with the Church, even proposing that Hitler be excommunicated. Yet in the end, when presented with further evidence of Nazi depredations, Pius XI could only comment, \"Kindly God, who has allowed all this to happen at present, undoubtedly has His purpose.\" \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eReproducing the key Church documents in full and quoting verbatim conversations between Pius XI and his bishops, \u003ci\u003eHitler and the Vatican\u003c\/i\u003e is the most extraordinary look inside the secretive Vatican ever written.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeter Godman is one of the world's leading Vatican scholars, now at the University of Rome and formerly of the University of Tubingen. An atheist, he has nonetheless won admiration within the Vatican as well as the scholarly world for his monographs with Princeton and Oxford University Presses, and he was appointed by the Church as a founding member of the Committee for the Archives of the Holy Office. He has written a number of articles for scholarly journals and also published in \u003ci\u003eThe Atlantic Monthly.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Free Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50327743004946,"sku":"9780743245982","price":15.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_11e5051e-87b5-4f9a-b9b1-964eed093bb8.jpg?v=1727719764"},{"product_id":"the-italian-resistance-fascists-guerrillas-and-the-allies-9780745326948","title":"The Italian Resistance: Fascists, Guerrillas And The Allies","description":"One of the enduring myths about World War Two is that the Allies alone liberated occupied Europe. 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The war forged an industry that would redefine transportation and warfare for future generations. In \u003ci\u003eFirst to Fly\u003c\/i\u003e, lauded historian Charles Bracelen Flood tells the story of the men who were at the forefront of that revolution: the daredevil Americans of the Lafayette Escadrille, who flew in French planes, wore French uniforms, and showed the world an American brand of heroism before the United States entered the Great War. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eAs citizens of a neutral nation from 1914 to early 1917, Americans were prohibited from serving in a foreign army, but many brave young souls soon made their way into European battle zones: as ambulance drivers, nurses, and more dangerously, as soldiers in the French Foreign Legion. It was partly from the ranks of the latter group, and with the sponsorship of an expat American surgeon and a Vanderbilt, that the Lafayette Escadrille was formed in 1916 as the first and only all-American squadron in the French Air Service. Flying rudimentary planes, against one-in-three odds of being killed, these fearless young men gathered reconnaissance and shot down enemy aircraft, participated in the Battle of Verdun and faced off with the Red Baron, dueling across the war-torn skies like modern knights on horseback. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDrawing on rarely seen primary sources, Flood chronicles the startling success of that intrepid band, and gives a compelling look at the rise of aviation and a new era of warfare.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharles Bracelen Flood\u003c\/b\u003e (1929-2014) wrote fifteen books, including \u003ci\u003eLee: The Last Years\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eGrant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War\u003c\/i\u003e, which Salon named one of the \"Top 12 Civil War Books Ever Written,\" and the \u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e bestselling novel \u003ci\u003eLove is a Bridge\u003c\/i\u003e. He graduated from Harvard and served as president of the PEN American Center.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Grove Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328354291986,"sku":"9780802125200","price":11.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_de6e20b1-4d3c-4360-836c-fe41a24dfdc1.jpg?v=1727736753"},{"product_id":"stalin-and-togliatti-italy-and-the-origins-of-the-cold-war-9780804774321","title":"Stalin and Togliatti: Italy and the Origins of the Cold War","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStalin and Togliatti\u003c\/i\u003e reveals the dependence of the Italian Communist Party on Soviet decisionmaking in the early Cold War and the willingness of Stalin to sacrifice the interests of the Italian Communist Party to Soviet foreign interests. It explores the connection between the domestic Italian politics and the international affairs during the final phases of the Second World War and in the first years of the Cold War.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors employ previously classified documents in Russian and Italian archives, including reports to Stalin on the virtually daily meetings of Palmiro Togliatti, head of the Italian Communist Party, with Soviet diplomats. This recent, post-revisionist scholarship underscores the role of Stalin's ambitions and their incompatibility with liberal-democratic systems in the development of the Cold War. Stalin and Togliatti come out as shrewd politicians, implacable enemies of the capitalist West, yet acutely aware of the limits of their power. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStalin and Togliatti\u003c\/i\u003e is a translation and expansion of a prizewinning book published in Italian in 1997 and updated in 2007.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElena Agarossi is Professor of Contemporary History at the Scuola Superiore di Pubblica Amministrazione in Rome and member of the Wilson Center European Alumni Association. Victor Zaslavsky, who died late in 2009, was Professor of Political Sociology at the Free International University for Social Sciences in Rome.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Stanford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328485495058,"sku":"9780804774321","price":78.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_880d8636-8e3f-4678-a0a6-097d97363a45.jpg?v=1727741616"},{"product_id":"climax-at-gallipoli-the-failure-of-the-august-offensive-volume-42-9780806152066","title":"Climax at Gallipoli: The Failure of the August Offensive Volume 42","description":"\u003cp\u003eGallipoli: the mere name summons the story of this well-known campaign of the First World War. And the story of Gallipoli, where in August 1915 the Allied forces made their last valiant effort against the Turks, is one of infamous might-have-beens. If only the Allies had held out a little longer, pushed a little harder, had better luck--Gallipoli might have been the decisive triumph that knocked the Ottoman Empire out of the First World War. But the story is just that, author Rhys Crawley tells us: a story. Not only was the outcome at Gallipoli not close, but the operation was flawed from the start, and an inevitable failure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA painstaking effort to set the historical record straight, \u003ci\u003eClimax at Gallipoli\u003c\/i\u003e examines the performance of the Allies' Mediterranean Expeditionary Force from the beginning of the Gallipoli Campaign to the bitter end. Crawley reminds us that in 1915, the second year of the war, the Allies were still trying to adapt to a new form of warfare, with static defense replacing the maneuver and offensive strategies of earlier British doctrine. In the attempt both the MEF at Gallipoli and the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front aimed for too much--and both failed. To explain why, Crawley focuses on the operational level of war in the campaign, scrutinizing planning, command, mobility, fire support, interservice cooperation, and logistics. His work draws on unprecedented research into the files of military organizations across the United Kingdom and Australia.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe result is a view of the Gallipoli Campaign unique in its detail and scope, as well as in its conclusions--a book that looks past myth and distortion to the facts, and the truth, of what happened at this critical juncture in twentieth-century history.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eCrawley, Rhys:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eRhys Crawley\u003c\/b\u003e is a historian with the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University. He received his doctorate from the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy.","brand":"University of Oklahoma Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50328526717202,"sku":"9780806152066","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/files\/img_673d0f36-761d-47c1-9536-c3cb493a3c9e.jpg?v=1727743463"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0831\/4771\/8930\/collections\/20th_no_bg_keep_size_512_0003752e-7d74-4f4b-bf1d-ba7ea9000059.webp?v=1769604762","url":"https:\/\/surprise-castle.myshopify.com\/collections\/20th-century-european-history-books.oembed","provider":"Surprise Castle","version":"1.0","type":"link"}